Highly sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for tramadol trace level detection and process optimization using response surface methodology

Abstract

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic‐anodyne agent of high oral bioavailability. The tramadol contains a weakly absorbing chromophore in its molecule and it was determined by kinetic spectrophotometric method in pharmaceutical, urine, and blood plasma. Response surface methodology and the central composite design was applied to study the influence of maximum sensitivity, reagents concentration, temperature, and time on the UV–Vis spectrophotometry analysis of tramadol. Analysis of variance showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) value for responses, confirming adjustment of the models with experimental data. The change in absorbance was followed spectrophotometrically at 478 nm. Under optimum experimental conditions, calibration curve was linear over the range 0.45–100.0 μg/L of tramadol. The limit of detection was 0.12 μg/L of tramadol. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of tramadol in real samples.

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of tramadol hydrochloride in the presence of some suspected mislabeled drugs such as alprazolam, diazepam, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenylhydramine and paracetamol [ 251 ]; electrochemical method to quantify tramadol hydrochloride in pure solutions and pharmaceuticals, employing the flow injection analysis (FIA) technique [ 252 ]; voltammetric platform using a glassy carbon electrode for determination of tramadol [ 253 ]; a tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) electrode coated with a thin dip-coated recast Nafion membrane for selective electrochemical determination of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol [ 254 ]; sensor for detection of tramadol [ 255 ]; electroanalytical quantification of Tramadol [ 256 ]; 2020 synthesis and utilizing graphene (Gr)/Co3O4 nanocomposite for the development of a novel electrochemical sensor to detect tramadol by linear sweep voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, CV, and chronoamperometry [ 257 ]; development of two chromatographic methods (HPLC and HPTLC) for the simultaneous analysis of chlorzoxazone, diclofenac sodium and tramadol hydrochloride in presence of three of their related substances and potential impurities [ 258 ]; an amplified tramadol electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on surface modification of pencil graphite electrode by CuO nanoparticles and polypyrrole [ 259 ]; Rapid synthesis of BaFe12O19 nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of tramadol in the presence of acetaminophen [ 260 ]; sensing platform based on Pt doped NiO/MWCNTs nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical determination of epinephrine and tramadol simultaneously [ 261 ]; sensor for the simultaneous voltammetric detection of Acetaminophen and Tramadol [ 262 ]; sensor for qualitative and quantitative determination of tramadol using cyclic and square wave voltammetry techniques [ 263 ]; novel voltammetric method for the quantification of tramadol in pharmaceutical forms and urine samples [ 264 ]; electrochemical sensor for tramadol and acetaminophen [ 265 ]; graphite electrode for electrochemical determination of tramadol [ 266 ]; HPLC-UV method for identifying contaminants in Russian-made tramadol hydrochloride [ 267 ]; sensor for determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical samples [ 268 ]; electroanalytical sensor for tramadol with a detection limit of 50.0 nM in drug samples [ 269 ]; simultaneous quantification of acetaminophen and tramadol hydrochloride using a modification-free boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode [ 256 ]; kinetic spectrophotometric method for tramadol trace level detection [ 270 ]; 2021 spectrophotometric method for detection of trace levels of tramadol [ 270 ]; electrochemical sensor for determination of tramadol [ 271 ]; ...…”