Highly Sensitive NiO Nanoparticle based Chlorine Gas Sensor

Abstract

We have synthesized a chemiresistive sensor for chlorine (Cl 2 ) gas in the range of 2-200 ppm based on nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles obtained by wet chemical synthesis. The nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD spectra of the sensing layer revealed the cubic phase of NiO nanoparticles. The NiO nanoparticle size was calculated to be $ 21 nm using a Williamson-Hall plot. The bandgap of the NiO nanoparticles was found to be 3.13 eV using Tauc plots of the absorbance curve. Fast response time (12 s) and optimum recovery time ($ 27 s) were observed for 10 ppm Cl 2 gas at moderate temperature of 200°C. These results demonstrate the potential application of NiO nanoparticles for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective sensors for Cl 2 gas.

An Outlook of Recent Advances in Chemiresistive Sensor-Based Electronic Nose Systems for Food Quality and Environmental Monitoring

“…Nickel oxide (NiO) having a band gap of 4.3 eV is a widely studied p-type SMO for use in chemiresistive gas sensors. Direct electronic interface, quick response and recovery, high sensitivity, and long lifetime are the properties of NiO exploited for gas sensing [52]. CuO is another p-type SMO used for gas sensors and can either exist as cupric (CuO) or cuprous (Cu 2 O) oxide with narrow band gaps of 1.2-1.5 eV and 2.12 eV, respectively.…”

Ag modified bismuth ferrite nanospheres as a chlorine gas sensor

“…The sensitivity comparison of ABFO4 nanospheres and other reported materials in Cl 2 at the optimum working temperature are summarized in Table 1. 3,[29][30][31][32] Compared to p-type semiconductor metal oxides, the response time is shorter. Fig.…”

Facile Synthesis of Pd-CuO Nanoplates with Enhanced SO2 and H2 Gas-Sensing Characteristics

“…19 The p-type semiconducting characteristics of metal oxides originate from the excess oxygen in their composition, 20,21 and they can be easily functionalized to achieve enhanced gas-sensing performance. Many sorts of p-type metal-oxide semiconductors have been synthesized for gas-sensor applications [22][23][24] considering their advantages of p-type semiconducting nature 25,26 compared with n-type materials, including low humidity dependence, good catalytic properties, 27 and high signal-to-noise ratio. 28 Among p-type semiconductors, CuO has a narrow bandgap ($ 1.2 eV) and is thus extensively used because of its robustness and abundance.…”