Highly sensitive on-skin flexible Sb2O3/Sb thin film pH sensor for real-time sweat sensing

Preparation and application of a Cu-doped antimony electrode to improve the performance of pH measurement in seawater

“…Metal/metal oxide pH electrodes have the advantages of robustness and stability at high temperatures and pressures, making them suitable for applications in complex environments. RuO 2 , 3–5 Ta 2 O 5 , 6 TiO 2 , 7–11 Sb/Sb 2 O 3 , 12–16 PdO, 17 IrO 2 , 18–20 WO 3 , 21 and others have been reported to exhibit pH response. However, the aforementioned electrodes suffer either from a slow response time and poor stability, or high manufacturing cost, thereby restricting their widespread use.…”