Highly sensitive stretchable transparent piezoelectric nanogenerators

Lee, Ju‐Hyuck; Lee, Keun Young; Kumar, Brijesh; Tiên, Nguyễn Thành; Lee, Nae‐Eung; Kim, Sang Woo

doi:10.1039/c2ee23530g

Cited by 207 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Apparently, TiO 2 (B) becomes fully amorphous, which might be a result of the initial sodium ion insertion causing sufficient strain on the crystallite structure to "randomly reorganize" induced by the substantially larger size of the sodium cations relatively to lithium. 65 It should be noted that the irreversible capacity in the first cycle is in general very high, suggesting that there might be other reasons than only electrolyte decomposition (despite the large surface area of the nanostructured, noodlelike TiO 2 (B) particles) causing a loss of sodium, which is a further hint that the observed initial reorganization might also irreversibly trap sodium. In fact, very recently we were able to show that upon Figure S2), is also included; b) the corresponding potential profiles for selected cycles; c) capacity vs. cycles at various C rates: two formation cycles at 0.01 C (0.02 to 2.0 V) followed by constant current cycling at 0.1 C until the capacity has stabilized, subsequently the C rate was increased stepwise to 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 C (each 5 cycles) and finally set back to 0.1 C; d) corresponding potential profiles (charge process only) for selected cycles at each applied C rate.…”

Section: 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline TiO₂(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Wu¹,

Bresser²,

Buchholz³

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

111

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High surface area, nanostructured, and phase-pure TiO 2 (B) noodles-like secondary particles were successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot synthesis, based on the hydrolysis of TiCl 3 using a mixture of ethylene glycol and water at moderate temperature. The primary nanoparticles have a uniform size and are about 15 nm in diameter as determined by TEM analysis and exhibit an increased exposure of the (010) facet as indicated by XRD analysis. Unlike the electrochemical reaction with lithium, the application as sodiumion electrode material reveals substantial differences, including the initial amorphization of the TiO 2 (B) particles, accompanied by a partial irreversibility of the sodium storage, presumably related to sodium trapping inside the active material particles and the absence of a stable solid electrolyte interphase, as indicated by galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Besides, TiO 2 (B)-based electrodes show a stabilized reversible capacity of about 100 mAh g −1 and a very good C rate capability. While sodium-ion batteries were initially considered only as lowcost alternative for lithium-ion batteries with a particular focus on their application as stationary energy storage devices, 1-3 recent developments indicated that such devices might provide even similar energy densities in case suitable cathode and anode active materials are combined. [4][5][6] However, particularly regarding the anode side, the identification of long-term stable, environmentally friendly, and abundant active materials, providing high specific capacities and operating at a reasonably low potential, is still considered to be one of the major challenges for this technology. 4,6,7 47 Among these, the best results in terms of specific capacity, long-term cycling stability, and high rate capability were certainly reported for anatase TiO 2 . [40][41][42][43] However, the reversible sodium storage mechanism is obviously different from the classic (de-)insertion mechanism known for lithium, [48][49][50][51][52][53] as an initial reduction of TiO 2 to metallic titanium and an amorphous sodium titanate occurs. 42 TiO 2 (B) is a very well performing anode material for lithium-ion applications, 54-60 but so far -to the best of our knowledge -only one study reported its application as sodium-ion active material. The electrochemical performance, which might be best described by a rather rapid initial capacity fading and a low reversible capacity of about 50 mAh g −1 , is certainly not that promising, 47 although this might be also related to the cut-off potentials of 3.0 and 0.8 V vs. Na/Na + . Besides, the authors observed a rather huge expansion of the (001) 3+ and Ti 4+ at the nanotubes surface, while the general morphology of the tubes remained after sodiation. Consequently, a solid solution mechanism for the reversible sodium ion (de-)insertion comparable to the lithium ion storage mechanism was proposed.Herein, however, we show that TiO 2 (B) -similarly to anatase TiO 2 -presents a rath...

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Section: 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline TiO₂(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Wu¹,

Bresser²,

Buchholz³

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

111

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“…14 Graphene also has exceptional optical transparency and mechanical strength, making it suitable for transparent and flexible electronics. [15][16][17][18][19][20] However, very few studies have been conducted to use graphene for optically transparent and mechanically flexible supercapacitors. 14,15 In addition, the electrochemical stability during mechanical deformation of supercapacitors has not been considered in the past.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent, flexible, and solid-state supercapacitors based on graphene electrodes

et al. 2013

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In this study, graphene-based supercapacitors with optical transparency and mechanical flexibility have been achieved using a combination of poly(vinyl alcohol)/phosphoric acid gel electrolyte and graphene electrodes. An optical transmittance of ∼67% in a wavelength range of 500-800 nm and a 92.4% remnant capacitance under a bending angle of 80° have been achieved for the supercapacitors. The decrease in capacitance under bending is ascribed to the buckling of the graphene electrode in compression. The supercapacitors with high optical transparency, electrochemical stability, and mechanical flexibility hold promises for transparent and flexible electronics

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Section: Graphene-based Stecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim and co-workers report a stretchable transparent piezoelectric nanogenerator with PVDF-trifluoroethylene (TrFE) sandwiched between graphene electrodes. [50] The superior transparency, high carrier mobility, and high elastic modulus (≈1 TPa) of atomically thin graphene sheet make it an ideal electrode material for the realization of a transparent and stretchable device. However, the electrical mobility of the CVD grown graphene needs to be further improved to be used as an electrode in energy harvesting devices.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Nanogeneratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformable and Transparent Ionic and Electronic Conductors for Soft Energy Devices

Park

Parida

Lee

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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The recent boom in deformable or stretchable electronics, flexible transparent displays/screens, and their integration into the human body has facilitated the development of multifunctional energy devices that are stretchable, transparent, wearable, and/or biocompatible while meeting the energy or power requirements. The development of soft energy systems begins with the preparation of relevant conductors and the design of innovative device configurations. In this study, recent advances and trends in stretchable and transparent electronic and ionic conductors are reviewed coupled with the growing efforts to use them for soft energy storage and conversion systems. Stretchable transparent ionic conductors present possibilities for use as current collectors and electrolytes in soft electronic/energy devices, providing novel insight into biofriendly systems for an effective human–machine interaction. Moreover, representative examples that demonstrate soft energy devices based on stretchable transparent ionic/electronic conductors are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives of developing novel stretchable transparent conductors and device configurations with tailored features are also considered.

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Highly sensitive stretchable transparent piezoelectric nanogenerators

Cited by 207 publications

References 28 publications

Nanocrystalline TiO₂(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Nanocrystalline TiO₂(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Transparent, flexible, and solid-state supercapacitors based on graphene electrodes

Deformable and Transparent Ionic and Electronic Conductors for Soft Energy Devices

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Highly sensitive stretchable transparent piezoelectric nanogenerators

Cited by 207 publications

References 28 publications

Nanocrystalline TiO2(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Nanocrystalline TiO2(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Transparent, flexible, and solid-state supercapacitors based on graphene electrodes

Deformable and Transparent Ionic and Electronic Conductors for Soft Energy Devices

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Product

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Nanocrystalline TiO₂(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Nanocrystalline TiO₂(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries