Highly Sensitive THz Refractive Index Sensor Based on Folded Split-Ring Metamaterial Graphene Resonators

Nickpay, Mohammad-Reza; Danaie, Mohammad; Shahzadi, Ali

doi:10.1007/s11468-021-01512-8

Cited by 64 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…For example, such sensors can be used for cancer cell detections 42 , 44 , health care applications 45 , and blood component measurements 46 . Up to now, different approaches based on various configurations such as plasmonic 47 , PC 48 , graphene 49 , optical fiber topologies 50 , etc. have been adopted to design optical sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical biosensors using plasmonic and photonic crystal band-gap structures for the detection of basal cell cancer

Khani

Hayati

2022

Sci Rep

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One of the most interesting topics in bio-optics is measuring the refractive index of tissues. Accordingly, two novel optical biosensor configurations for cancer cell detections have been proposed in this paper. These structures are composed of one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) lattices coupled to two metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides. Also, the tapering method is used to improve the matching between the MIM plasmonic waveguides and PC structure in the second proposed topology. The PC lattices at the central part of the structures generate photonic bandgaps (PBGs) with sharp edges in the transmission spectra of the biosensors. These sharp edges are suitable candidates for sensing applications. On the other hand, the long distance between two PBG edges causes that when the low PBG edge is used for sensing mechanism, it does not have an overlapping with the high PBG edge by changing the refractive index of the analyte. Therefore, the proposed biosensors can be used for a wide wavelength range. The maximum obtained sensitivities and FOM values of the designed biosensors are equal to 718.6, 714.3 nm/RIU, and 156.217, 60.1 RIU−1, respectively. The metal and insulator materials which are used in the designed structures are silver, air, and GaAs, respectively. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used for the numerical investigation of the proposed structures. Furthermore, the initial structure of the proposed biosensors is analyzed using the transmission line method to verify the FDTD simulations. The attractive and simple topologies of the proposed biosensors and their high sensitivities make them suitable candidates for biosensing applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical biosensors using plasmonic and photonic crystal band-gap structures for the detection of basal cell cancer

Khani

Hayati

2022

Sci Rep

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“…In the THz frequency range, studies were conducted to focus on continuous-wave THz imaging, , THz time-domain spectroscopy, − and THz near-field imaging. , The other topics of research in the terahertz regime are absorbers, − terahertz radiations, − waveguides, − wireless communications, , and sensors. − Research in the THz sensors focuses on discriminating nanoscaled biological or chemical samples as it is possible to measure their structural behavior in this frequency regime. These samples can be sensed and precisely measured by utilizing the extraordinary features of MTMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A highly sensitive MTM absorber-based THz sensor was suggested by Nickpay et al for biomedical applications. 37 The proposed sensor structure consisted of graphene resonators, which can be used by adjusting the graphene layer with a DC bias voltage. The sensor had a nearly perfect absorption at 4 THz with an average Q -factor of 13.76.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Dual-Band Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber for Biomedical Applications: Simulation and Experiment

et al. 2022

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In this paper, a terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber (MTMA), incorporating surface Pythagorean tree fractal resonators, was designed and experimentally fabricated on the flexible substrate of polyethylene terephthalate. The design presented two peaks with strong absorption of more than 97% at 0.49 and 0.69 THz. The dual-band absorption peaks were seen to be shifted with the change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.0968 and 0.1182 THz/RIU. The spectral shift of the reflection resonance dip was utilized as an assessment index to evaluate the sensing performance of the new structure, and it was found to be 2.08 and 2.98 for the two resonance peaks, respectively. It was observed that the proposed structure acted as an epsilon negative material at the first resonance and as a mu negative material at the second resonance. Further investigations on the electric field, magnetic field, and surface current distributions were carried out to elaborate on the absorption characteristics at various resonance frequencies. The proposed sensor is a highly sensitive MTMA which can be used to investigate the interaction of matter with THz waves.

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“…Therefore, graphene is considered to be an ideal material for nanoelectro-mechanical system (NEMS) resonators [ 6 ]. Graphene-based nanomechanical resonators have attracted a lot of attention [ 7 ]. It has high frequency, strong mechanical nonlinearities, high impact factor, small volume and mass, and ultra-high sensitivity [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Graphene Nanoelectromechanical Resonators Based on Vacancy Defects

Tian

2022

Nanomaterials

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Due to the limitation of graphene processing technology, the prepared graphene inevitably contains various defects. The defects will have a particular influence on the macroscopic characteristics of the graphene. In this paper, the defect-based graphene nanoresonators are studied. In this study, the resonant properties of graphene were investigated via molecular dynamic simulations. The effect of vacancy defects and hole defects at different positions, numbers, and concentrations on the resonance frequency of graphene nanoribbons was studied. The results indicated that single monatomic vacancy has no effect on graphene resonant frequency, and the concentration of the resonant frequency of graphene decreases almost linearly with the increase of single-atom vacancy concentration. When the vacancy concentration is 5%, the resonance frequency is reduced by 12.77% compared to the perfect graphene. Holes on the graphene cause the resonance frequency to decrease. As the circular hole defect is closer to the center of the graphene nanoribbon, not only does its resonant frequency increase, but the tuning range is also expanded accordingly. Under the external force of 10.715 nN, the resonant frequency of graphene reaches 429.57 GHz when the circular hole is located at the center of the graphene nanoribbon, which is 40 GHz lower than that of single vacancy defect graphene. When the circular hole is close to the fixed end of graphene, the resonant frequency is 379.62 GHz, which is 90 GHz lower than that of single vacancy graphene. When the hole defect is at the center of nanoribbon, the frequency tunable range of graphene reaches 120 GHz. The tunable frequency range of graphene is 100.12 GHz when the hole defect is near the fixed ends of the graphene nanoribbon. This work is of great significance for design and performance optimization of graphene-based nanoelectro-mechanical system (NEMS) resonators.

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Highly Sensitive THz Refractive Index Sensor Based on Folded Split-Ring Metamaterial Graphene Resonators

Cited by 64 publications

References 85 publications

Optical biosensors using plasmonic and photonic crystal band-gap structures for the detection of basal cell cancer

Optical biosensors using plasmonic and photonic crystal band-gap structures for the detection of basal cell cancer

Highly Sensitive Dual-Band Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber for Biomedical Applications: Simulation and Experiment

Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Graphene Nanoelectromechanical Resonators Based on Vacancy Defects

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