Highly stable Ag–Ni based transparent electrodes on PET substrates for flexible organic solar cells

Formica, Nadia; Ghosh, Dhriti Sundar; Chen, Tong Lai; Eickhoff, Christian; Bruder, Ingmar; Pruneri, Valerio

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.08.002

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…3(b)]. 103 Although there have been a few studies aimed toward increasing the electrical conductivity without sacrificing the optical transparency, 46,108,109 such as applying a seed layer to improve the continuity of thin metal layers, 110 the relatively low optical transparency of thin metals is still one of the limitations in achieving high-performance devices with them.…”

Section: Ultrathin Metal Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices: a review

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Transparent conductive electrodes are one of the essential components for organic optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaic cells and light-emitting diodes. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is the most common transparent electrode in these devices due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. However, the manufacturing of ITO film requires precious raw materials and expensive processes, which limits their compatibility with mass production of large-area, low-cost devices. The optical/electrical properties of ITO are strongly dependent on the deposition processes and treatment conditions, whereas its brittleness and the potential damage to underlying films during deposition also present challenges for its use in flexible devices. Recently, several other transparent conductive materials, which have various degrees of success relative to commercial applications have been developed to address these issues. Starting from the basic properties of ITO and the effect of various ITO surface modification methods, here we review four different groups of materials, doped metal oxides, thin metals, conducting polymers, and nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal nanowires), that have been reported as transparent electrodes in organic optoelectronic materials. Particular emphasis is given to their optical/electrical and other material properties, deposition techniques, and applications in organic optoelectronic devices.

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Section: Ultrathin Metal Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices: a review

et al. 2014

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“…While UTMF can be potential substitute for ITO, corrosion and oxidation of the metal (like Ag) in ambient atmosphere tend to deteriorate transmittance and conductivity. Among many proposed permeation blocking layers, thin Ni layer is shown to serve well as a stable, flexible barrier layer [34]. In another report, 7 nm Cu with Al shell of 0.8 nm served as low work function window electrodes for OPV with $65% transmittance at 550 nm with sheet resistance of 15.7 V/sq [35].…”

Section: Ultra Thin Metal Films (Utmf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards low cost materials and methods for transparent electrodes

Kulkarni

Kiruthika

Gupta

et al. 2015

Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering

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“…Indeed, metallic nanomaterials, such as silver, copper, and gold, have conductivities that are higher than 50 times that of ITO, 1,2 and open holes within the nanowire network dramatically improve the optical transparency. Therefore, many research groups attempt to replace the widely used but brittle electrode material indium tin oxide (ITO) to keep pace with the rapid changes in the electronics industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A one-step roll-to-roll process of stable AgNW/PEDOT:PSS solution using imidazole as a mild base for highly conductive and transparent films: optimizations and mechanisms

Kim

Chung

et al. 2015

J. Mater. Chem. C

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A recent increase in the demand for transparent electrodes has led to shortage in supply and an increase in the price of indium tin oxide (ITO) films deposited by sputter coating owing to coating speed limitations. Furthermore, flexibility has become one of the essential properties of transparent electrodes, accounting for the rapidly changing trend in electronics. These problems can be overcome by AgNWbased films suitable for flexible and stable conductive electrodes by using wet-coating-processable material and roll-to-roll coating. In this work, we developed an effective method to fabricate a highly conductive, transparent, and stable AgNW/PEDOT:PSS film using roll-to-roll slot-die coating. This coating technique provides higher line speed and greater coating uniformity. Furthermore, the optimized AgNW/PEDOT:PSS solution allows direct one-step coating without any post-treatment, such as hightemperature annealing, mechanical pressure, and solvent washing. We also studied the mechanisms of AgNW corrosion induced by the acidity of PEDOT:PSS and by hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbonyl sulfide (OCS) of the atmosphere. Corrosion could be prevented by neutralizing PEDOT:PSS using imidazole, which is a suitable organic compound in terms of both material and processing properties owing to its mild basicity and high melting and boiling points. In addition, the over-coating by a silica-based protecting layer on the AgNW/PEDOT:PSS film resulted in enhanced corrosion protection. The resulting roll film (460 mm in width Â 20 m in length) showed suitable electrical (R s B 75 O sq À1 ) and optical (T 4 90% at 550 nm, haziness B1.21%, b* B 0.72) properties to replace ITO films in touch screen panels.

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Highly stable Ag–Ni based transparent electrodes on PET substrates for flexible organic solar cells

Cited by 47 publications

References 37 publications

Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices: a review

Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices: a review

Towards low cost materials and methods for transparent electrodes

A one-step roll-to-roll process of stable AgNW/PEDOT:PSS solution using imidazole as a mild base for highly conductive and transparent films: optimizations and mechanisms

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