Highly Stable Battery Pack via Insulated, Reinforced, Buckling‐Enabled Interconnect Array

Yin, Lu; Seo, Joon Kyo; Kurniawan, Jonas; Kumar, Rajan; Lv, Jian; Xie, Lingye; Liu, Xinyu; Xu, Sheng; Meng, Ying Shirley; Wang, Joseph

doi:10.1002/smll.201800938

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…[34] In addition to imparting flexibility to electronic devices, they also require mechanical stretchability to better interface and concurrently deform with the skin. Two strategies have been applied to achieve mechanical stretchability in soft electronics: 1) utilizing intrinsically stretchable, rubbery materials including rubbery electronic materials (semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics) [14,15,24,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and liquid metals [46][47][48][49] to build the electronics; 2) employing engineered structures like wrinkles, [34,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56] serpentines, [12,17,33,44,[57][58][59][60][61] island-bridge structures, [62,63] textiles, [64] origami, [65,66] kirigami, [37,67] and microcracks [68] to accommodate the induced strain. [30,…”

Section: Strategies To Improve the Soft Electronics/skin Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Rao

Ershad

Almasri

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

105

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Conventional bulky and rigid electronics prevent compliant interfacing with soft human skin for health monitoring and human–machine interaction, due to the incompatible mechanical characteristics. To overcome the limitations, soft skin‐mountable electronics with superior mechanical softness, flexibility, and stretchability provide an effective platform for intimate interaction with humans. In addition, soft electronics offer comfortability when worn on the soft, curvilinear, and dynamic human skin. Herein, recent advances in soft electronics as health monitors and human–machine interfaces (HMIs) are briefly discussed. Strategies to achieve softness in soft electronics including structural designs, material innovations, and approaches to optimize the interface between human skin and soft electronics are briefly reviewed. Characteristics and performances of soft electronic devices for health monitoring, including temperature sensors, pressure sensors for pulse monitoring, pulse oximeters, electrophysiological sensors, and sweat sensors, exemplify their wide range of utility. Furthermore, the soft electronic devices for prosthetic limb, household object, mobile machine, and virtual object control are presented to highlight the current and potential implementations of soft electronics for a broad range of HMI applications. Finally, the current limitations and future opportunities of soft skin‐mountable electronics are also discussed.

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Section: Strategies To Improve the Soft Electronics/skin Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Rao

Ershad

Almasri

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

105

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“…Reproduced with permission. [ 96 ] Copyright 2018, Wiley‐VCH. D) Schematics and photos of the island‐bridge structured buckypaper biofuel cell patch, and its current response under 33 kΩ load with repeated 20% stretch.…”

Section: “Island‐bridge” Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Innovations in Printed, Flexible, and Stretchable Electronics

Yin

Wang

2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Research in stretchable, printed electronics combines multidisciplinary, state‐of‐the‐art developments in material science and structural engineering. In addition to major advances based on developing novel materials and fabrication processes, synergistic structural innovations are of equal importance for enabling stretchability in printed devices and should not be overlooked. Planar printing techniques are preferred, compared to microfabrication or 3D printing processes, owing to their low cost, high throughput, and compatibility with a wide range of materials. Various printing strategies for controlling the substrate, bonding, distribution of strain, and buckling can be used to fabricate a variety of devices featuring wrinkled, textile‐embedded, serpentine, island‐bridge, or 2D‐transformed 3D and 4D structures. Such structural innovations allow the use of ordinary printable materials for creating highly stretchable devices with minimal compromise in device performance and mechanical resiliency. This article provides an overview of the structures used in printed devices and summarizes their corresponding fabrication strategies and distinct features. The challenges of advancing the structural designs in printed devices and the prospects of transforming stretchable structures toward smart, responsive devices are also discussed. Future efforts will greatly expand the possibilities of using planar printing processes for fabricating complex structures with new functionalities.

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“…Recent developments exploit high‐energy‐density materials, such as Zn and Li‐ion based batteries, [ 7–10 ] to enhance battery capacity and close the gap to rigid‐island designs. [ 11 ] Despite the progress in capacity and rechargeability, the principle design of planar intrinsically stretchable batteries has largely remained unchanged. The interplay of electrodes, efficient current collectors, highly ionically conductive separators/gel‐electrolytes, and their conformal orientation must collectively be optimized to boost battery performance.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsion Separators for High Performance Soft Batteries

Danninger

Hartmann

Paschinger

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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large areas available on the skin or within the body. [3] Intrinsically stretchable batteries effectively make use of available space while perfectly complying to deformations and maintaining comfort for the wearer. [4][5][6] Recent developments exploit high-energydensity materials, such as Zn and Li-ion based batteries, [7][8][9][10] to enhance battery capacity and close the gap to rigid-island designs. [11] Despite the progress in capacity and rechargeability, the principle design of planar intrinsically stretchable batteries has largely remained unchanged. The interplay of electrodes, efficient current collectors, highly ionically conductive separators/gelelectrolytes, and their conformal orientation must collectively be optimized to boost battery performance. Promising solutions for single components, including multilayer current collectors, [12] tough electrodes, [13] and self-healing gel-electrolytes [14] were demonstrated recently. However, many prototypes still use the coplanar orientation of electrodes [4,12,[15][16][17] as proposed for the first soft batteries. [18] This design sacrifices performance due to increased ionic pathways in the gel electrolytes. Introducing a sandwich design of stacked battery components (Figure 1a), greatly reduces ionic pathways and therefore the internal resistance of the battery. [19] Soft (sandwich-design) batteries require electron-insulating separators, which have to meet high ion conductivity, extensibility, and chemical inertness. Hydrogels are often used in water-based systems, serving as gel Powering soft embodiments of robots, machines and electronics is a key issue that impacts emerging human friendly forms of technologies. Batteries as energy source enable their untethered operation at high power density but must be rendered elastic to fully comply with (soft) robots and human beings. Current intrinsically stretchable batteries typically show decreased performance when deformed due to design limitations, mainly imposed by the separator material. High quality stretchable separators such as gel electrolytes represent a key component of soft batteries that affects power, internal resistance, and capacity independently of battery chemistry. Here, polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) are introduced as highly ionically conductive separators in stretchable (rechargeable) batteries. Highly porous (>80%) separators result in electrolyte to polyHIPE conductivity ratios of below 2, while maintaining stretchability of ≈50% strain. The high stretchability, tunable porosity, and fast ion transport enable stretchable batteries with internal resistance below 3 Ω and 16.8 mAh cm −2 capacity that power on-skin processing and communication electronics. The battery/separator architecture is universally applicable to boost battery performance and represents a step towards autonomous operation of conformable electronic skins for healthcare, robotics, and consumers.

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Highly Stable Battery Pack via Insulated, Reinforced, Buckling‐Enabled Interconnect Array

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Structural Innovations in Printed, Flexible, and Stretchable Electronics

Stretchable Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsion Separators for High Performance Soft Batteries

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