Highly Stable Lithium Metal Anode Interface via Molecular Layer Deposition Zircone Coatings for Long Life Next‐Generation Battery Systems

Abstract

Herein, molecular layer deposition is used to form an anoscale "zircone" protective layer on Li metal to achieve stable and long life Li metal anodes.T he zircone-coated Li metal shows enhanced air stability,e lectrochemical performance and high rate capability in symmetrical cell testing. Moreover,asaproof of concept, the protected Li anode is used in an ext-generation Li-O 2 battery system and is shown to extend the lifetime by over 10-fold compared to the batteries with untreated Li metal. Furthermore,i n-situ synchrotron Xray absorption spectroscopyisused for the first time to study an artificial SEI on Li metal, revealing the electrochemical stability and lithiation of the zircone film. This work exemplifies significant progress towards the development and understanding of MLD thin films for high performance nextgeneration batteries.

Ionic Liquid-Impregnated ZIF-8/Polypropylene Solid-like Electrolyte for Dendrite-free Lithium-Metal Batteries

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the ZIF-8/PP composite membrane and IPPZ were obtained with a Rigaku D/max-2250PC diffractometer using a Cu Kα source. The pore size distribution was obtained based on the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms measured with a BeiShiDe instrument at 77 K. Solid-state 7 Li magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra were recorded on an Agilent 600 DD2 spectrometer (Agilent, USA, magnetic field strength 14.1 T) at a resonance frequency of 233.08 MHz and proton decoupling (TPPM) during acquisition. The samples were placed in a pencil-type zirconia rotor of 4.0 mm o.d.…”

“…The samples were placed in a pencil-type zirconia rotor of 4.0 mm o.d. The spectra were obtained at a spinning speed of 8 kHz with a recycle delay of 5 s. LiCl was used as the reference of 7 Li chemical shift. The mechanical properties of PP and the composite membrane were tested using a Zwick/Roell tensile machine.…”

“…Lithium-metal batteries are ubiquitously expected to be the next-generation energy storage devices as a lithium anode has ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g –1 ), the lowest redox potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode), and low density (0.59 g cm –3 ), which will provide higher energy density than traditional graphite anode. − However, the lithium metal is highly active and coupled with flammable organic liquid electrolytes, it will form lithium dendrites and cause fire, even explosion, and other serious safety issues. − Solid-like and solid-state electrolytes with excellent thermal and electrochemical stability are recognized as promising alternatives for traditional liquid electrolytes to avoid the abovementioned safety concerns. − …”

Fast Li+ Transport of Li−Zn Alloy Protective Layer Enabling Excellent Electrochemical Performance of Li Metal Anode

“…For example, the additive of the desired inorganic or organic compounds in liquid electrolyte can in situ tune the formation process of solid state interphase (SEI) layer showing highly enhanced interfacial stability, [10] which leads to the prolongated cyclic lifespan and elevated Coulombic efficiency [11] . Certainly, these additives may be consumed up after limited cycles, which cannot in principle guarantee ultra‐long lifetime of the cell [12] . In this sense, the construction of artificial SEI film on Li metal anode is an promising way [13] .…”

“…[11] Certainly, these additives may be consumed up after limited cycles, which cannot in principle guarantee ultra-long lifetime of the cell. [12] In this sense, the construction of artificial SEI film on Li metal anode is an promising way. [13] Inorganic electrolyte, [14] inorganic/organic hybrid electrolyte, [15] polymer electrolyte, [8b,16] metal oxide film [17] and two-dimensional material [18] have been challenged as the coating layer.…”