Highly Stable Metal–Organic Framework with Redox‐Active Naphthalene Diimide Core as Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as the cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) received growing attention. Herein, a novel MOF, Ni‐Ndi‐trz (Ndi‐trz=2,7‐di(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline‐1,3,6,8(2H,7H)‐tetraone) was synthesized through a solvothermal method. Its rational design using a naphthalene diimide (Ndi) core allowed the formation of a four‐fold interpenetrated pcu (primitive cubic) topology. The as‐synthesized Ni‐Ndi‐trz is highly stable over a wide pH range (0–12) for 30 days, which is critical to ensure the decent cyclability of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). When used as the cathode material of ZIBs, it shows a high initial specific capacity of 90.7 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling stability. Remarkably, three‐electrode system tests, ex situ FTIR, UV/Vis and XPS spectra revealed that the Ndi core of Ni‐Ndi‐trz undergoes a reversible interconversion between the keto and enol forms when interacting with Zn2+ ions. This work may shed light on the feasibility of designing novel MOFs and exploring their mechanisms for zinc ion batteries.

Constructing ultra-stable, high-energy, and flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries using environment-friendly organic cathodes

“…4e ), the intensity of the C O peak at 284.7 eV exhibited a gradual reduction when fully discharged (0.20 V). 41 In the meantime, a new peak of C–O emerged, with its intensity progressively increasing. Conversely, the exact opposite changes were observed when fully charged (1.60 V).…”

Research Status and Optimization Methods of Zinc Ion Battery

“…Organic compounds and other new materials are also often used as cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries. Liu et al [39] prepared a new type of metal-organic framework (MOF) cathode by solvothermal method. When the current density is 50 mA/g, the initial specific capacity is 90.7 mAh/g, which can be stably cycled more than 200 times at the current density of 1 A/g with high specific capacity and good cycle stability.…”

Nickel Metal–Organic Frameworks of Amino Acid Tyrosine-Functionalized Naphthalenediimide for Pseudocapacitor Applications

“…18 Very recently, Wei and co-workers successfully prepared NDI-based MOFs as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries with specific capacity as high as of 90.7 mAh g −1 and magnificent cycling stability. 19 These NDI-based MOF applications prompt us to explore natural amino acid L-tyrosine-functionalized NDIbased nickel MOF. We believe that NDI with four redox-active C�O bonds 20 and tyrosine with the redox-active −OH group have great potential for energy storage, particularly pseudocapacitor 21 (PSC) applications via Faradaic reversible redox reactions.…”