Highly stable PEDOT:PSS electrochemical transistors

Bidinger, Sophia L; Han, Sanggil; Malliaras, George G.; Hasan, Tawfique

doi:10.1063/5.0079011

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results show that PEGDE crosslinked PEDOT:PSS thin films exhibit superior electrochemical properties compared with GOPS crosslinked PEDOT:PSS thin films. However, we should note that the typical PEDOT:PSS crosslinking formulation that is used for thin bioelectronic devices is GOPS (1 wt%), 20 with electrical conductivity values in the range of 400 S/cm 24 and volumetric capacitance of 39 F/cm 3 . 32 We found that the OECT transconductance (gm) is higher for PEDOT:PSS channels crosslinked with PEGDE (3 wt%) compared with PEDOT:PSS channels crosslinked with the standard GOPS (1 wt %) (Figure S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) is the most commonly used crosslinker 18 and leads into PEDOT:PSS structures with adequate stability in cell-culture conditions for a variety of bioelectronic applications. 19,20 Alternative crosslinking strategies involve the use of poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) 21 and divinyl-sulfone (DVS). 22 Both GOPS and PEGDE render PEDOT:PSS water-stable via similar mechanisms — a reaction of the epoxy rings moiety present in their structures with the weakly nucleophilic PSS - .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Organic Bioelectronics for Monitoring In Vitro Stem Cell Cultures

Savva

Sáez

Barberio

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Three-dimensional in vitro stem cell models has enabled a fundamental understanding of cues that direct stem cell fate and be used to develop novel stem cell treatments. While sophisticated 3D tissues can be generated, technology that can accurately monitor these complex models in a high-throughput and non-invasive manner is not well adapted. Here we show the development of 3D bioelectronic devices based on the electroactive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) - PEDOT:PSS and their use for non-invasive, electrical monitoring of stem cell growth. We show that the electrical, mechanical and wetting properties as well as the pore size/architecture of 3D PEDOT:PSS scaffolds can be fine-tuned simply by changing the processing crosslinker additive. We present a comprehensive characterization of both 2D PEDOT:PSS thin films of controlled thicknesses, and 3D porous PEDOT:PSS structures made by the freeze-drying technique. By slicing the bulky scaffolds we show that homogeneous, porous 250 um thick PEDOT:PSS slices are produced, generating biocompatible 3D constructs able to support stem cell cultures. These multifunctional membranes are attached on Indium-Tin oxide substrates (ITO) with the help of an adhesion layer that is used to minimize the interface charge resistance. The optimum electrical contact result in 3D devices with a characteristic and reproducible, frequency dependent impedance response. This response changes drastically when human adipose derived stem cells grow within the porous PEDOT:PSS network as revealed by fluorescence microscopy. The increase of these stem cell population within the PEDOT:PSS porous network impedes the charge flow at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and ITO, enabling the interface resistance to be extracted by equivalent circuit modelling, used here as a figure of merit to monitor the proliferation of stem cells. The strategy of controlling important properties of 3D PEDOT:PSS structures simply by altering processing parameters can be applied for development of a number of stem cell in vitro models. We believe the results presented here will advance 3D bioelectronic technology for both fundamental understanding of in vitro stem cell cultures as well as the development of personalized therapies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Organic Bioelectronics for Monitoring In Vitro Stem Cell Cultures

Savva

Sáez

Barberio

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The sacrificial PaC layer was peeled off, and the samples were hard-baked to cross-link the PEDOT:PSS. Last, the samples were soaked in deionized water overnight and preconditioned to maximize stability ( 23 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed transistor operation enables miniaturization of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors

et al. 2022

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By simultaneously transducing and amplifying, transistors offer advantages over simpler, electrode-based transducers in electrochemical biosensors. However, transistor-based biosensors typically use static (i.e., DC) operation modes that are poorly suited for sensor architectures relying on the modulation of charge transfer kinetics to signal analyte binding. Thus motivated, here, we translate the AC “pulsed potential” approach typically used with electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors to an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). Specifically, by applying a linearly sweeping square-wave potential to an aptamer-functionalized gate electrode, we produce current modulation across the transistor channel two orders of magnitude larger than seen for the equivalent, electrode-based biosensor. Unlike traditional EAB sensors, our aptamer-based OECT (AB-OECT) sensors critically maintain output current even with miniaturization. The pulsed transistor operation demonstrated here could be applied generally to sensors relying on kinetics-based signaling, expanding opportunities for noninvasive and high spatial resolution biosensing.

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“…The sacrificial PaC layer was peeled off and the samples were hard-baked to cross link the PEDOT:PSS. Finally, the samples were soaked in DI water overnight and preconditioned to maximize stability (22). OECT measurements were collected using a Keysight B1500A semiconductor device analyzer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed transistor operation enables miniaturization of electrochemical aptamer–based sensors

Bidinger

Keene

Han

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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By simultaneously transducing and amplifying, transistors offer advantages over simpler, electrode-based transducers in electrochemical biosensors. However, transistor-based biosensors typically use static (i.e., DC) operation modes that are poorly suited for sensor architectures relying on the modulation of charge transfer kinetics to signal analyte binding. Thus motivated, here we translate the AC pulsed potential approach typically used with electrochemical aptamer-based sensor to an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). Specifically, by applying a linearly sweeping square-wave potential to an aptamer-functionalized gate electrode, we produce current modulation across the transistor channel two orders of magnitude larger than seen for the equivalent, electrode-based biosensor. Critically, the resulting amplification is scalable, such that there is no signal loss with OECT miniaturization. The pulsed transistor operation demonstrated here could be applied generally to sensors relying on kinetics-based signaling, expanding opportunities for non-invasive and high spatial resolution biosensing.

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Highly stable PEDOT:PSS electrochemical transistors

Cited by 40 publications

References 26 publications

3D Organic Bioelectronics for Monitoring In Vitro Stem Cell Cultures

3D Organic Bioelectronics for Monitoring In Vitro Stem Cell Cultures

Pulsed transistor operation enables miniaturization of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors

Pulsed transistor operation enables miniaturization of electrochemical aptamer–based sensors

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