Highly stretchable and transparent ionic conducting elastomers

Shi, Lei; Zhu, Tianli; Gao, Guoxin; Zhang, Xinyu; Wei, Wei; Liu, Wenfeng; Ding, Shi‐Jin

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05165-w

Cited by 270 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Even with a sealing layer, the evaporation of the water solvent at temperature above the boiling point still happens, which can possibly break or degrade the devices. After the dehydration, the shape, morphology, and mechanical and electrical properties were totally different from that at the fresh state 44. On the contrary, ICEs were solvent‐free, which eliminates the dehydration issue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The junction between the ICE and metal was even stable at stretch states. The strong adhesion property of ICE originated from the polymer substrate polybutylacrylate (PBA), a commonly used Acrylate Adhesive 44. Photo demonstrating adhesive property of ICE was shown in Figure S4 in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been widely reported for applications in all‐solid‐state energy storage devices 42,43. Solvent‐free polyelectrolytes are synthesized by salt‐in‐polymer strategy, achieving conductivity by ionic transportation through polymer chains 44. Since the there is no liquid solvent, it is quite stable in air, showing neither weight loss nor the decay of its conductivity and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stretchable, Transparent, and Thermally Stable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solvent‐Free Ion‐Conducting Elastomer Electrodes

Zhang

Chen

Guo

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

135

118

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The development of stretchable/soft electronics requires power sources that can match their stretchability. In this study, a highly stretchable, transparent, and environmentally stable triboelectric nanogenerator with ionic conductor electrodes (iTENG) is reported. The ion-conducting elastomer (ICE) electrode, together with a dielectric elastomer electrification layer, allows the ICE-iTENG to achieve a stretchability of 1036% and transmittance of 91.5%. Most importantly, the ICE is liquid solvent-free and thermally stable up to 335 °C, avoiding the dehydration-induced performance degradation of commonly used hydrogels. The ICE-iTENG shows no decrease in electrical output even after storing at 100 °C for 15 h. Biomechanical motion energies are demonstrated to be harvested by the ICE-iTENG for powering wearable electronics intermittently without extra power sources. An ICE-iTENGbased pressure sensor is also developed with sensitivity up to 2.87 kPa −1 . The stretchable ICE-iTENG overcomes the strain-induced performance degradation using percolated electrical conductors and liquid evaporationinduced degradation using ion-conducting hydrogels/ionogels, suggesting great promising applications in soft/stretchable electronics under a relatively wider temperature range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stretchable, Transparent, and Thermally Stable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solvent‐Free Ion‐Conducting Elastomer Electrodes

Zhang

Chen

Guo

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

135

118

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“…High stretchability is a desirable feature of synthetic polymers for advanced applications such as electronics, actuators, and energy storage . Tremendous progress has been made in the engineering of highly stretchable polymers, with a maximum stretching ratio approaching 210× the original polymer lengths .…”

Section: Summary Of the Physical Properties Of The Various Pb Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superstretchable Dynamic Polymer Networks

Huan

Yang

et al. 2019

Advanced Materials

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stretchable polymeric materials include the use of double networks, [4][5][6] nanocomposites, [7] and dynamic polymer networks. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Among these strategies, dynamic polymer networks based on dynamic crosslinks such as hydrophobic association, [8] metal-ligand interactions, [9,10] host-guest interactions, [11] dynamic covalent bonds, [12] ion-dipole interactions, [13] hydrogen bonds, [14][15][16] and ion bonds [17] have attracted much attention. Compared with traditional covalent bonds, these dynamic crosslinks can effectively dissipate energy via reversible bond formation/scission or exchange reactions, [9,12,18] resulting in highly stretchable polymeric materials. Despite this progress, the construction of dynamic polymer networks with a stretching ratio beyond 1000× remains a great challenge. Here, we report the preparation of superstretchable polymer networks by using two types of dynamic bonds. We utilize a small number of strong crosslinks to maintain the network integrity during stretching and a large number of weak crosslinks to dissipate energy. We found that the synergetic interplay between these two mechanisms resulted in a superstretchable polymer network that could be stretched to more than 10 000× its original length.Specifically, polybutadiene (PB) networks crosslinked by ionic hydrogen bonds and imine bonds were prepared and examined. PB oligomers (liquid state, M w = 9400) were functionalized by amine and carboxyl groups via a thiol-ene reaction to obtain PB-NH 2 -9.8% and PB-COOH-5%, respectively (the number indicates the degree of functionalization; Figure S1 and Table S1, Supporting Information). Oligomeric PB was chosen because of the abundant vinyl double bonds (90% 1,2-addition) available for amine and carboxyl modification. PB-NH 2 -9.8% and PB-COOH-5% could be completely dissolved, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that M w of the functionalized PB was similar to that of the original PB, revealing that no chemical crosslinking occurred during the thiol-ene reaction ( Figure S2, Supporting Information). Then, PB-NH 2 -9.8%, PB-COOH-5%, and benezene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde were mixed at different ratios. In this formulation, crosslinked polymer networks were constructed via the weak ionic hydrogen bonds between the amine and carboxyl groups and the strong imine bonds from the reaction of amine and aldehyde groups (Figure 1; Movie S1, Supporting Information). [19,20] PB networks with fixed crosslink degrees at 9.8%, but varied ratios and different orders of formation of the ionic hydrogen bonds and imine bonds, were prepared. The resultant networks were labeled PB-ion-imine-x-y and PB-imine-ion-y-x, where x and y indicate the concentration Superstretchable materials have many applications in advanced technological fields but are difficult to stretch to more than 1000× their original length. A superstretchable dynamic polymer network that can be stretched to 13 000× its original length is designed. It is revealed that superstretchability of...

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“…Human skin is the largest sensory organ of the human body that can sense pressure, strain, temperature, and humidity. This tactile sensory capability of human skin has been emulated by deformable electronic materials and is a topic of immense interest for the development of artificial skin‐like sensors for emerging human‐interactive technologies such as artificial skin, wearable, or implantable devices and user‐interactive interfaces . Despite the great advancements in electronic skin (e‐skin) devices composed of electronic components such as conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, showing high‐performance and deformability, the intimate communications between these devices and biological systems poses a technological challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Tactile Sensors for Emerging Human‐Interactive Technologies: A Review of Recent Progress

Amoli

Kim

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

153

119

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Ionic tactile sensors (ITS) represent a new class of deformable sensory platforms that mimic not only the tactile functions and topological structures but also the mechanotransduction mechanism across the biological ion channels in human skin, which can demonstrate a more advanced biological interface for targeting emerging human-interactive technologies compared to conventional e-skin devices. Recently, flexible and even stretchable ITS have been developed using novel structural designs and strategies in materials and devices. These skin-like tactile sensors can effectively sense pressure, strain, shear, torsion, and other external stimuli with high sensitivity, high reliability, and rapid response beyond those of human perception. In this review, the recent developments of the ITS based on the novel concepts, structural designs, and strategies in materials innovation are entirely highlighted. In particular, biomimetic approaches have led to the development of the ITS that extend beyond the tactile sensory capabilities of human skin such as sensitivity, pressure detection range, and multimodality. Furthermore, the recent progress in self-powered and self-healable ITS, which should be strongly required to allow human-interactive artificial sensory platforms is reviewed. The applications of ITS in human-interactive technologies including artificial skin, wearable medical devices, and user-interactive interfaces are highlighted. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and the future directions of this field are presented.

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Highly stretchable and transparent ionic conducting elastomers

Cited by 270 publications

References 28 publications

Stretchable, Transparent, and Thermally Stable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solvent‐Free Ion‐Conducting Elastomer Electrodes

Stretchable, Transparent, and Thermally Stable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solvent‐Free Ion‐Conducting Elastomer Electrodes

Superstretchable Dynamic Polymer Networks

Ionic Tactile Sensors for Emerging Human‐Interactive Technologies: A Review of Recent Progress

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