Highly stretchable conductors and piezocapacitive strain gauges based on simple contact-transfer patterning of carbon nanotube forests

Shin, Ung-Hui; Jeong, Dong-Wook; Park, Sang-Min; Kim, Soo-Hyung; Lee, Hyung Woo; Kim, Jong-Man

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.08.079

Cited by 148 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[ 10,83 ] Large hysteresis behavior of the CNT-polymer nanocomposite strain sensors can be explained by our proposed model since several researchers have pointed the weak interfacial binding between CNTs and polymers. [ 14,34,42,52,53,62,100,116 ] These studies highlight the importance of polymer materials and their interaction with sensing thin fi lms in stretchable sensors for high performance strain sensing.…”

Section: Hysteresismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 52 ] Rosettetype strain sensors are capable of measuring the principle strains and their directions under in-plane deformations. [ 11,52,53 ] Figure 12 d shows the response of the rosette-type sensor when it was uniaxially stretched in the direction of S 1 . As shown in the fi gure, the change of resistance for the S 1 was larger than that of S 2 and S 3 due to the direction of stretching.…”

Section: Sports Performance Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stretchable electrodes were typically made of the percolation network of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials (e.g., CNTs and AgNWs) that maintain stable and reliable electromechanical properties at high strains. [ 33,53,58,65,79,86 ] For detailed fabrication processes of fl exible electronic devices, we refer the reader to the following review papers. [ 6,8,85,[87][88][89] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Amjadi

Kyung

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

2,629

2,129

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wileyonlinelibrary.comSkin-mountable and wearable sensors can be attached onto the clothing or even directly mounted on the human skin for the real-time monitoring of human activities. [ 10 ] Besides their high effi ciency, they must fulfi ll several minimum requirements including high stretchability, fl exibility, durability, low power consumption, biocompatibility, and lightweight. These demands become even more severe for epidermal electronic devices where mechanical compliance like human skin and high stretchability ( ε > 100% where ε is the strain) are required. [ 11,12 ] Recently, several types of skin-mountable and wearable sensors have been proposed by using nanomaterials coupled with fl exible and stretchable polymers. Indeed, nanomaterials are utilized as functional sensing elements owing to their outstanding electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties while polymers are employed as fl exible support materials thanks to their fl exibility, stretchability, humanfriendliness, and durability. [ 13 ] Examples of those innovative sensors include strain sensors, [ 10,[12][13][14] pressure sensors, [ 5,[15][16][17] electronic skins (e-skins), [ 3,[16][17][18][19][20] and temperature sensors. [ 2,21,22 ] Particularly, various skin-mountable and wearable strain sensors have been developed because of their broad applications in personalized heath-monitoring, human motion detection, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. [ 10,12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] This paper aims to survey fabrication processes, working mechanisms, strain sensing performances, and applications of stretchable strain sensors. The article is organized as follows: fi rst, common operation mechanisms of stretchable strain sensors are described. Here, we summarize novel functional nanomaterials and techniques for the fabrication of stretchable strain sensors in details. Second, mechanisms involved in the strain-responsive behavior of resistive-type and capacitive-type sensors are explained. We show that the infl uence of traditional mechanisms like geometrical changes and piezoresistivity of materials on the strain sensing performance of fl exible strain sensors are very small whereas mechanisms such as disconnection between sensing elements, crack propagation in thin fi lms, and tunneling effect can potentially be employed for highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensing. Third, we emphasize the performance parameters of stretchable strain sensors in terms of stretchability, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis behavior, response time, overshooting, and durability. We demonstrate

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Section: Hysteresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sports Performance Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Amjadi

Kyung

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

2,629

2,129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The reported GF varies between 0.4 and 1.3 due to the fringing fields associated with finite-size parallel-plate capacitors, [127] and the strain range varies between 50% and 300% depending on the stretchability of the electrodes and the dielectric. [24,25,41,43,[127][128][129][130][131] For example, a capacitive strain sensor was fabricated with stretchable AgNW/PDMS conductors as the top and bottom electrodes and Ecoflex as the dielectric material. The sensor exhibited good linearity, GF of 0.7 and a sensing range of 50%.…”

Section: Capacitive Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

469

296

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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“…Stretchable/flexible supercapacitors [6][7][8], conductors [9][10][11], and batteries [12], for instance, have already been achieved using a popular strategy adopted in the pioneering work of Bowden et al [13] The basic principle of this approach is to form a wavy pattern in an electric device by releasing a prestrained elastomeric substrate. The resulting flexible devices can accommodate large tensile or compressive strains through the changes in amplitude and wavelength of the wrinkled device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A durability study of carbon nanotube fiber based stretchable electronic devices under cyclic deformation

Wang

Lai

et al. 2015

Carbon

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Highly stretchable conductors and piezocapacitive strain gauges based on simple contact-transfer patterning of carbon nanotube forests

Cited by 148 publications

References 38 publications

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

A durability study of carbon nanotube fiber based stretchable electronic devices under cyclic deformation

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