“…Stretchable electrodes have been extensively developed using nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanowires (NWs), nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and 2D materials), and geometrical engineering processes (e.g., buckled, serpentine, and net formations) 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. However, structurally designed conductors face challenges with regard to wider applications due to their complicated encapsulation and transfer process, large interconnection area, and limited stretching directions 27, 28.…”