Highly stretchable supramolecular conductive self-healable gels for injectable adhesive and flexible sensor applications

Khan, Ayaz Ahmad; Kisannagar, Ravinder Reddy; Gouda, Chinmayananda; Gupta, Dipti; Lin, Hong‐Cheu

doi:10.1039/d0ta07543d

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…ROP) and then crosslinking the material via metal coordination/complexation of the carboxylate moiety. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Other studies have also modified the carboxylic acid of lipoic acid with dopamine 47 or N-hydroxy succinimide 48 to produce self-healing supramolecular adhesives. Additionally, dynamic cyclic disulfides have also featured in degradable nanoparticles 49,50 and adaptable hydrogels [51][52][53][54] , although in the gel examples the disulfide features as a reactive polymer a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable and recyclable covalent adaptable networks based on bio-derived lipoic acid

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable and recyclable covalent adaptable networks based on bio-derived lipoic acid

et al. 2021

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“…The HV12 ionogel exhibited the maximum shear stress value of 120 kPa at a polymer concentration of 40 wt%, which is comparable to or higher than those of other adhesive materials used in skin sensor applications (Table S4, Supporting Information). [ 34–37,69–77 ] The trend in the shear stress with polymer concentration can be explained by the amount of functional groups and the chain mobility of the polymer network. At low polymer concentrations, addition of HV12 polymer increases the amount of functional groups that induce noncovalent interactions with target substrates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For wearable and stretchable sensors, the ionogels must securely adhere to the surface of the target object for reliable detection of movement. [ 34–37 ] However, typical sensing materials reported in the literature are not adhesive and require adhesive tapes or bandages to fix the device to the skin, which decreases the sensitivity of the device. [ 37–39 ] The continuous use of non‐adhesive wearable sensors may even cause devices or appendages to peel off the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Block Copolymer‐Based Supramolecular Ionogels for Accurate On‐Skin Motion Monitoring

Cho

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Interest in wearable and stretchable on‐skin motion sensors has grown rapidly in recent years. To expand their applicability, the sensing element must accurately detect external stimuli; however, weak adhesiveness of the sensor to a target object has been a major challenge in developing such practical and versatile devices. In this study, freestanding, stretchable, and self‐adhesive ionogel conductors are demonstrated which are composed of an associating polymer network and ionic liquid that enable conformal contact between the sensor and skin even during dynamic movement. The network of ionogel is formed by noncovalent association of two diblock copolymers, where phase‐separated micellar clusters are interconnected via hydrogen bonds between corona blocks. The resulting ionogels exhibit superior adhesive characteristics, including a very high lift‐off force of 93.3 N m−1, as well as excellent elasticity (strain at break ≈720%), toughness (≈2479 kJ m−3), thermal stability (≈150 °C), and high ionic conductivity (≈17.8 mS cm−1 at 150 °C). These adhesive ionogels are successfully applied to stretchable on‐skin strain sensors as sensing elements. The resulting devices accurately monitor the movement of body parts such as the wrist, finger, ankle, and neck while maintaining intimate contact with the skin, which was not previously possible with conventional non‐adhesive ionogels.

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“…In addition, its tunability and facile fabrication process with low cost make this supramolecular pressure sensor potentially useful for real-time human health monitoring using wearable electronics. There have also been reports on supramolecular, stretchable pressure sensors such as the conductive self-healable gels (CSGs) by Khan and co-workers ( Khan et al, 2020 ). This study reported a supramolecular gel, containing polythioctic acid (PTA), pyromellitic acid (PA), Fe 3+ and a polyaniline (PANI) network, that is highly sensitive (2.8 kPa −1 ), stretchable (>5,000%), and has good strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 11).…”

Section: Other Transduction Mechanisms For Supramolecular Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Supramolecular Systems Towards Next-Generation Biosensors

2021

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Supramolecular materials, which rely on dynamic non-covalent interactions, present a promising approach to advance the capabilities of currently available biosensors. The weak interactions between supramolecular monomers allow for adaptivity and responsiveness of supramolecular or self-assembling systems to external stimuli. In many cases, these characteristics improve the performance of recognition units, reporters, or signal transducers of biosensors. The facile methods for preparing supramolecular materials also allow for straightforward ways to combine them with other functional materials and create multicomponent sensors. To date, biosensors with supramolecular components are capable of not only detecting target analytes based on known ligand affinity or specific host-guest interactions, but can also be used for more complex structural detection such as chiral sensing. In this Review, we discuss the advancements in the area of biosensors, with a particular highlight on the designs of supramolecular materials employed in analytical applications over the years. We will first describe how different types of supramolecular components are currently used as recognition or reporter units for biosensors. The working mechanisms of detection and signal transduction by supramolecular systems will be presented, as well as the important hierarchical characteristics from the monomers to assemblies that contribute to selectivity and sensitivity. We will then examine how supramolecular materials are currently integrated in different types of biosensing platforms. Emerging trends and perspectives will be outlined, specifically for exploring new design and platforms that may bring supramolecular sensors a step closer towards practical use for multiplexed or differential sensing, higher throughput operations, real-time monitoring, reporting of biological function, as well as for environmental studies.

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Highly stretchable supramolecular conductive self-healable gels for injectable adhesive and flexible sensor applications

Abstract: The synergistic supramolecular networks of conductive self-healable gels (CSGs) containing polythioctic acid (PTA), Fe3+ ion, pyromellitic acid (PA), and interpenetrating polyaniline (PANI) are synthesized and developed in this study. These...

Cited by 63 publications

References 48 publications

Renewable and recyclable covalent adaptable networks based on bio-derived lipoic acid

Renewable and recyclable covalent adaptable networks based on bio-derived lipoic acid

Block Copolymer‐Based Supramolecular Ionogels for Accurate On‐Skin Motion Monitoring

Evolution of Supramolecular Systems Towards Next-Generation Biosensors

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