Highly tough, freezing-tolerant, healable and thermoplastic starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) organohydrogels for flexible electronic devices

Lü, Jing; Gu, Jianfeng; Hu, Oudong; Fu, Ye; Ye, Dezhan; Zhang, Xi; Zheng, Ying; Hou, Linxi; Liu, Huiyong; Jiang, Xiancai

doi:10.1039/d1ta04336f

Cited by 131 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…On the other hand, driven by the high‐concentration difference, the organohydrogels underwent shrinkage, the polymer chain spacing became smaller, the polymer network became denser, and the polymer chain mobility within it was weakened. Collectively, the organohydrogels' modulus increased, but the toughness became poor, leading to the decrease of stress and strain 41,42 . As shown in Figure 2c,d, with the increase of the triethylene glycol/water mass ratio from 0:1 to 2:8, the tensile strength and fracture strain increased from 73 ± 2 kPa and 756 ± 31% to 160 ± 5 kPa and 1322 ± 75%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Collectively, the organohydrogels' modulus increased, but the toughness became poor, leading to the decrease of stress and strain. 41,42 As shown in Figure 2c, d, with the increase of the triethylene glycol/water mass ratio from 0:1 to 2:8, the tensile strength and fracture strain increased from 73 ± 2 kPa and 756 ± 31% to 160 ± 5 kPa and 1322 ± 75%, respectively. The addition of triethylene glycol introduced more noncovalent bonds into the polymer network, which acted as sacrificial bonds and effectively dissipated the external energy during the stretching process, thus increasing the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Stretchable, conductive poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid)/triethylene glycol/NaCl double‐crosslinked organohydrogel with excellent antifreezing and sensing properties

Liu

Guo

Xue

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Recently, the wearable electronic devices have attracted extensive attention while the low stretchability and freezing-induced performance deterioration largely limit the applications in many fields. In this work, the poly(acrylamide-co-maleic acid) hydrogels are immersed in the triethylene glycol/sodium chloride/water solution to establish the dual-crosslinked organohydrogels, which present the extraordinary stretchability (1322 ± 75%) ascribed to the energy dissipation of physical interactions and stability of chemical crosslinked networks. Triethylene glycol forms strong hydrogen bonds with water, which interfere with the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds among water molecules at low temperatures and inhibit the formation of ice crystals in the organohydrogel networks.Sodium chloride imparts excellent electrical conductivity to the organohydrogel. As a result, a stretchable electronic sensor based on the organohydrogel is fabricated, which is strain-sensitive with a wide strain sensing window (0%-440%) and excellent stability. More importantly, the sensor based on the as-prepared organohydrogel could precisely detect various activities of the human model at À30 C leading to the widely application prospects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Stretchable, conductive poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid)/triethylene glycol/NaCl double‐crosslinked organohydrogel with excellent antifreezing and sensing properties

Liu

Guo

Xue

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…Various sensors were fabricated on starch gels to obtain biocompatible devices 149,150 . Kanaan et al 45 synthesized a biodegradable semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (S-IPNs) based on starch and copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 1-butyl-3-metaprazor-lium chloride (BVImCl) cationic (Fig.…”

Section: Sensing Elements Based On Starch Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green flexible electronics based on starch

Xiang

Liu

et al. 2022

npj Flex Electron

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Flexible electronics (FEs) with excellent flexibility or foldability may find widespread applications in the wearable devices, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and other areas. However, the widely utilization may also bring the concerning for the fast accumulation of electronic waste. Green FEs with good degradability might supply a way to overcome this problem. Starch, as one of the most abundant natural polymers, has been exhibiting great potentials in the development of environmental-friendly FEs due to its inexpensiveness, good processability, and biodegradability. Lots of remarks were made this field but no summary was found. In this review, we discussed the preparation and applications of starch-based FEs, highlighting the role played by the starch in such FEs and the impacts on the properties. Finally, the challenge was discussed and the outlook for the further development was also presented.

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“…Among them, flexible sensors could convert external stimuli into electrical signals such as resistance and current, which have attracted widespread attention in wearable sensors 5 . However, electronic components in traditional electronic equipment were not reusable and biodegradable, which increased the burden on the environment 6 . What is more, it did not conform to sustainable development, and was not conducive to the realization of carbon neutrality and carbon peak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 However, electronic components in traditional electronic equipment were not reusable and biodegradable, which increased the burden on the environment. 6 What is more, it did not conform to sustainable development, and was not conducive to the realization of carbon neutrality and carbon peak. Therefore, it was urgent to develop flexible sensors with good tensile, high transparency and high adhesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stretchable, compressible and anti‐freezing ionic gel based on a natural deep eutectic solvent applied as a strain sensor

Yan

Lian

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Glycerin (Gly), a common by-product in petrochemical industry, is used as hydrogen bond donor. Green organic choline chloride (ChCl) as hydrogen bond acceptor. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NDES) can be prepared with Gly and ChCl. Subsequently, a starch/NDES ionic gel is prepared by in situ free radical polymerization of acrylamide monomer in NDES with starch as the reinforcement. The effects of amylose content in starch and starch addition amount on mechanical properties of ionic gel are analyzed. The results show that starch could be partially dissolved and dispersed in NDES. Compared with the tensile strength of pure NDES gel (about 15 kPa), the tensile strength of starch/NDES ionic gel is increased by 6 times to 90 kPa. It shows good selfrecovery performance after 20 compression cycles. Starch/NDES ionic gel has good thermal stability and frost resistance. In addition, CS4 starch/NDES ionic gel has the highest conductivity. At the same time, starch/NDES ionic gel has been successfully applied to monitor grasping motion of hand, which has the potential of strain sensor. It provides a new green method for the design of electronic products such as electronic skin.

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Highly tough, freezing-tolerant, healable and thermoplastic starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) organohydrogels for flexible electronic devices

Abstract: The conductive hydrogels have found large application prospects in fabricating flexible multifunctional electronic devices for future-generation wearable human-machine interactions. However, the inferior mechanical strength, low temperature resistance, and non-recyclability induced...

Cited by 131 publications

References 74 publications

Stretchable, conductive poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid)/triethylene glycol/NaCl double‐crosslinked organohydrogel with excellent antifreezing and sensing properties

Stretchable, conductive poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid)/triethylene glycol/NaCl double‐crosslinked organohydrogel with excellent antifreezing and sensing properties

Green flexible electronics based on starch

A stretchable, compressible and anti‐freezing ionic gel based on a natural deep eutectic solvent applied as a strain sensor

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