Highly tunable periodic imidazole-based mesoporous polymers as cooperative catalysts for efficient carbon dioxide fixation

Abstract

We designed new periodic imidazole-based mesoporous polymers for cooperative catalysis, revealing the structure–activity relationships in CO2 cycloaddition.

Efficient and Easily Reusable Metal-Free Heterogeneous Catalyst Beads for the Conversion of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates in the Presence of Water as Hydrogen-Bond Donor

“…Besides the catalysts in bead format discussed above (Table S1), several other metal-free heterogeneous catalysts in powder form have been developed and tested in the reaction of CO 2 with epoxides (Table S2). The most active among these catalysts were synthesized by including a hydrogen-bond donor group within the structure and/or by maximizing the surface area of the material. ,− These are elegant, effective strategies to increase the catalytic activity but come at the expense of the applicability of these systems as their synthesis typically requires multiple steps (Table S2), thus increasing complexity and cost. Although the use of different reaction conditions makes a quantitative comparison difficult, it is worth noting that the performance of our optimum catalytic system (Amb-OH-I-910 with water as HBD) ranks well also among these catalysts, being surpassed only by a few of them (Table S2).…”

“…Although the use of different reaction conditions makes a quantitative comparison difficult, it is worth noting that the performance of our optimum catalytic system (Amb-OH-I-910 with water as HBD) ranks well also among these catalysts, being surpassed only by a few of them (Table S2). ,, On the other hand, our catalyst combines high activity with a significantly lower cost and the advantages of the bead format, making it a more viable and attractive option for large-scale application.…”

Cross-Linked Porous Polymers as Heterogeneous Organocatalysts for Task-Specific Applications in Biomass Transformations, CO2 Fixation, and Asymmetric Reactions

“…Decreased pore size (1.31 nm) of CAP-DAP increases the micropore volume and further enhances the interaction between CO 2 and the pore wall. Apart from microporous catalysts, He and co-workers also reported imidazolyl-functionalized 2D ordered mesoporous polymer with imidazole-substituted phenol and reacting with formaldehyde for cross-linking (Figure b). The obtained imidazole oligomers were self-assembled with F127 triblock copolymer via EISA methodology, following the removal of template to obtain an ordered mesophase.…”

“…Porous organic polymers with (a) hydroxylamine-anchored disordered covalent aromatic polymer; (b) imidazolium cation containing ordered mesoporous polymer showing yield/TON vs different catalyst; and (c) crystalline triazine frameworks containing ordered micropores, along with density field for CO 2 in 2,5-DCP-CTF (pink, N; purple, C; white, H) computed by sorption. [Panel (b) has been reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry, London.…”

Emerging Ionic Polymers for CO

“…Different approaches have been adopted to modulate the type and density of ionic sites, as well as the porosity of ionic polymers, to upgrade their catalytic performances. [18,[26][27][28] One efficient way is to utilize the unique advantages of ionic hyper-crosslinked polymers due to their large surface area, versatile architectures, and diverse ionic building blocks. [29,30] Wang et al synthesized imidazolium-functionalized hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) using a series of benzylimidazole salts as the (charged) ionic monomers and a,a 0 -dibromo-p-xylene as a (neutral) crosslinking agent.…”