Highly viscoelastic, stretchable, conductive, and self-healing strain sensors based on cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polyacrylic acid hydrogel

Jiao, Yue; Lu, Kaiyue; Lu, Youcai; Yue, Yiying; Xu, Xinwu; Xiao, Huining; Li, Jian

doi:10.1007/s10570-021-03782-1

Cited by 125 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Noticeably, the self-healing hydrogels were wholly merged. It is noteworthy that the self-healing time of the tailored self-healing hydrogels is so lower than that of polyacrylic acid-based self-healing structures 40 , 41 , 47 , 48 . This spontaneous phenomenon is originated from diffusion and permeation at fractured interfaces, generated from the molecular dynamics reviving inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, healing cross-links, and leading to more and more entanglements of the polymers 28 , 29 , 31 – 33 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency

Peymanfar

Selseleh-Zakerin

Ahmadi³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In this study, a self-healing hydrogel was prepared that is transparent to visible (Vis) light while absorbing ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and microwave. The optothermal features of the hydrogel were explored by monitoring temperature using an IR thermometer under an IR source. The hydrogel was synthesized using sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials based on a facile thermal route. More significantly, graphene oxide (GO) and graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanostructures as well as carbon microsphere (CMS) were applied as guests to more dissect their influence on the microwave and optical characteristics. The morphology of the fillers was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attested that the chemical functional groups of the hydrogel have been formed and the result of diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) confirmed that the hydrogel absorbs UV while is transparent in Vis light. The achieved result implied that the hydrogel acts as an essential IR absorber due to its functional groups desirable for energy efficiency and harvesting. Interestingly, the achieved results have testified that the self-healing hydrogels had the proper self-healing efficiency and self-healing time. Eventually, microwave absorbing properties and shielding efficiency of the hydrogel, hydrogel/GO, g-C3N4, or CMS were investigated, demonstrating the salient microwave characteristics, originated from the established ionic conductive networks and dipole polarizations. The efficient bandwidth of the hydrogel was as wide as 3.5 GHz with a thickness of 0.65 mm meanwhile its maximum reflection loss was 75.10 dB at 14.50 GHz with 4.55 mm in thickness. Particularly, the hydrogel illustrated total shielding efficiency (SET) > 10 dB from 1.19 to 18 and > 20 dB from 4.37 to 18 GHz with 10.00 mm in thickness. The results open new windows toward improving the shielding and energy efficiency using practical ways.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency

Peymanfar

Selseleh-Zakerin

Ahmadi³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…It was revealed that the self‐healing efficiency based on tensile strength and strain of the hydrogels with different BNNS‐NH 2 contents were all above 90% and the self‐healing time was only 10 min exhibited highly efficient self‐healing property which is much faster than the published works. [ 38–40 ] Benefiting from the highly efficient self‐healing property, the hydrogel displayed excellent shapeability. The significant feature made the hydrogel enable to shape and reshape easily realizing the recycling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Nitride Nanosheets Strengthened PVA/Borax Hydrogels with Highly Efficient Self‐Healing and Rapid pH‐Driven Shape Memory Effect

Xue

Liu

Lai

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Self‐healing hydrogels often possess poor mechanical properties which largely limits their applications in many fields. In this work, boron nitride nanosheets are introduced into a network of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/borax (PVA/borax) hydrogels to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel without compromising the self‐healing abilities. The obtained hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 0.410 ± 0.007 MPa, an elongation at break of 1712%, a Young's Modulus of 0.860 ± 0.023 MPa, and a toughness of 3.860 ± 0.075 MJ m−3. In addition, the self‐healing efficiency of the hydrogels is higher than 90% within 10 min at room temperature. Benefiting from the excellent self‐healing properties, the shapeability of the hydrogel fragments is observed using different molds. In addition, the hydrogels display rapid pH‐driven shape memory effects and can recover to their original shape within 260 s. Overall, this work provides a new approach to hydrogels with integrated excellent mechanical properties, self‐healing abilities, and rapid pH‐driven shape memory effects.

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“…The broad bands at 2861 cm −1 and 2923 cm −1 originate from the sp3 C-H stretching mode. 37,38 The mechanical properties of the hydrogel were evaluated on a tensile tester. According to the stress-strain curve presented in Figure 2d, the hydrogel showed an elastic deformation upon stretching up to around 1300%.…”

Section: Page 6 Of 23 Ccs Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wavy-Structured Highly Stretchable Thermoelectric Generator with Stable Energy Output and Self-Rescuing Capability

et al. 2021

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Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) demonstrate great potential for flexible and wearable electronics due to the direct electrical energy harvesting from waste heat. Good wearability requires high mechanical flexibility and preferable stretchability, while current TEGs are primarily developed with rigid or non-stretchable components, which cannot well conform to human skin or accommodate human motions, thus hindering further applications. Herein, a wavy architecture is proposed for the fabrication of stretchable TEGs, where a stretchable and self-healable hydrogel is employed as device substrate, and intrinsically flexible highperformance TE films are attached to form wavy morphologies. The wavy-structured TEG can be readily stretched to 300%, and in the meantime can sustain a stable energy output with more than 90% TE performance retained, which outperforms most of the reported state-of-the-art TE materials and TEGs. It also demonstrates a desired device-level self-rescuing capability originated from the effective self-healing of the hydrogel and the wavy structure of TE legs, thereby providing persistent energy supply upon injuries or damages. This work offers a promising approach for the design of next-generation stretchable and wearable TEGs.

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Highly viscoelastic, stretchable, conductive, and self-healing strain sensors based on cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polyacrylic acid hydrogel

Cited by 125 publications

References 55 publications

Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency

Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency

Boron Nitride Nanosheets Strengthened PVA/Borax Hydrogels with Highly Efficient Self‐Healing and Rapid pH‐Driven Shape Memory Effect

A Wavy-Structured Highly Stretchable Thermoelectric Generator with Stable Energy Output and Self-Rescuing Capability

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