Hip and Knee Extensor Moments Predict Vertical Jump Height in Adolescent Girls

Ford, Kevin R.; Myer, Gregory D.; Brent, Jensen L.; Hewett, Timothy E.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31819bbea4

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Sport-specialized athletes also experienced a smaller increase in knee extensor moment during landing. While over-reliance on the knee extensors during landing can be an indicator of decreased hip control and subsequent lower extremity injury risk (43), it can also indicate improved task performance, particularly during the DVJ (44). For the multi-sport group, these results (i.e., greater increase in knee extensor moment, smaller increase in knee abduction moment, and trend toward a greater increase in hip extensor moment (Figure 2) indicate that multi-sport athletes tend to exhibit more improved landing performance during the DVJ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Extremity Biomechanics Are Altered Across Maturation in Sport-Specialized Female Adolescent Athletes

et al. 2019

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Sport specialization is a growing trend in youth athletes and may contribute to increased injury risk. The neuromuscular deficits that often manifest during maturation in young, female athletes may be exacerbated in athletes who specialize in a single sport. The purpose of this study was to investigate if sport specialization is associated with increased lower extremity biomechanical deficits pre- to post-puberty in adolescent female athletes. Seventy-nine sport-specialized female adolescent (Mean ± SD age = 13.4 ± 1.8 years) basketball, soccer, and volleyball athletes were identified and matched with seventy-nine multi-sport (soccer, basketball, and volleyball) female athletes from a database of 1,116 female adolescent basketball, soccer, and volleyball athletes who were enrolled in one of two large prospective, longitudinal studies. The athletes were assessed over two visits (Mean ± SD time = 724.5 ± 388.7 days) in which they were classified as pre-pubertal and post-pubertal, respectively. Separate 2 × 2 analyses of covariance were used to compare sport-specialized and multi-sport groups and dominant/non-dominant limbs with respect to pubertal changes in peak knee sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane joint angular measures and moments of force recorded while performing a drop vertical jump task. The sport-specialized group were found to exhibit significantly larger post-pubertal increases in peak knee abduction angle ( p = 0.005) and knee abduction moment ( p = 0.006), as well as a smaller increase in peak knee extensor moment ( p = 0.032) during landing when compared to the multi-sport group. These biomechanical changes are indicative of potentially compromised neuromuscular control that may increase injury risk pre- to post-puberty in sport-specialized female athletes. Consideration of maturation status may be an important factor in assessing the injury risk profiles of adolescent athletes who specialize in sport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Extremity Biomechanics Are Altered Across Maturation in Sport-Specialized Female Adolescent Athletes

et al. 2019

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“…Regarding the DJ, the prestretch augmentation from various drop heights has been minimally investigated in children. Only one study reported that pubertal female basketball players have no gain in jumping when dropping from 15 to 45 cm, nonetheless, these results were not compared with their performance in SJ (13). On this issue, a recent study suggested that the superiority of men in 20 cm DJ compared with boys could be attributed to a more optimal stiffness regulation of the muscle-tendon unit (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Comparison in Different Jumping Tasks Between Untrained Boys and Men

Lazaridis

Bassa

Patikas

et al. 2013

Pediatric Exercise Science

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This study examines the biomechanical differences during different vertical jump tasks in 12 prepubescent and 12 adult males. The sagittal knee kinematics, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of 5 lower extremity muscles were recorded. Compared with boys, men presented higher peak vGRF during the propulsive phase in all examined jumps, but lower values during the braking phase, even when related to body mass. Normalized EMG agonist activity in all phases was higher in men (p < .05), while antagonist coactivation was enhanced in boys (p < .05). The knee joint was on average 9 degrees more flexed at touchdown in men during drop jump tasks, but boys exhibited 12 degrees and 17 degrees higher knee flexion at the deepest point when performing drop jump from 20 and 40 cm, respectively. In conclusion, the performance deficit observed in boys in all jump types is a reflection of their immature technique, which could be partly attributed to the less efficient stiffness regulation and activation of their neuromuscular system.

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“…One study concluded hip extension endurance is significantly correlated to patellofemoral pain and altered kinematics during running (Souza & Powers, 2009). Another study demonstrated that hip extension power is linked to vertical jump height (Ford et al, 2009). Evidence suggests gluteal power and endurance are significant facets of function separate from gluteal strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "The effects of gluteal squeezes compared to bilateral bridges on gluteal strength, power, endurance, and girth (v0.1)"

2019

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Background. Hip extension weakness is correlated with low back, hip, and knee pathology. Isometric gluteal squeezes have been shown to elicit high electromyographic gluteal activity. However, there is little research regarding the specific effects of isometric gluteal squeezes on hip strength and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of gluteal squeezes on hip extension strength, vertical jump, broad jump, single-leg bridge endurance, and gluteal girth compared to bilateral gluteal bridging. Methods. Thirty-two healthy university students (mean age 23.28 ± 2.15 years) were randomly assigned to perform either gluteal squeezes or bilateral bridges daily. Subjects were tested at baseline and after eight weeks of training. Subjects' hip extension strength, vertical jump, broad jump, and singleleg bridge endurance, and gluteal girth were tested. Results. No statistically significant differences were found between the bridge and squeeze groups after eight weeks of training. Both groups significantly improved hip extension strength bilaterally (p = 0.000-0.011). The squeeze group significantly increased gluteal girth at the level of the greater trochanter (p = 0.007), but no significant girth increase was seen in the bridge group (p = 0.742). Although increases were seen in both groups for the endurance and jump tasks, no statistically significant changes occurred for those outcomes. All outcome measurements demonstrated high reliability (ICC = 0.93-0.99). Conclusion. Gluteal squeezes were as effective as bilateral bridges for increasing hip extension strength. Gluteal squeezes also significantly increased girth at the level of the greater trochanter. These results provide clinical and aesthetic reasons to perform gluteal squeezes.

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Hip and Knee Extensor Moments Predict Vertical Jump Height in Adolescent Girls

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Lower Extremity Biomechanics Are Altered Across Maturation in Sport-Specialized Female Adolescent Athletes

Lower Extremity Biomechanics Are Altered Across Maturation in Sport-Specialized Female Adolescent Athletes

Biomechanical Comparison in Different Jumping Tasks Between Untrained Boys and Men

Peer Review #2 of "The effects of gluteal squeezes compared to bilateral bridges on gluteal strength, power, endurance, and girth (v0.1)"

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