Hip fractures in northern Sweden 1973-1984 A comparison of rural and urban populations

Urban vs rural increase in hip fracture incidence: Age and sex of 901 cases 1980-89 in Olmsted County, U.S.A.

“…The older average age of Rochester residents did account for much of their excess hip fracture risk, but the urban:rural differential was I .36: I , even after age differences in the 2 populations had been accounted for. This is consistent with the magnitude of the urban hip fracture excess found in Scandinavian studies (Finsen and Benum 1987, Sernbo et al 1988, Jarnlo et al 1989, Larsson et al 1989, despite the fact that we may have underestimated the differential by including residents on the urban fringe of Rochester within the rural population. Indeed, data from both Norway and Canada reveal a gradient of rising hip fracture incidence with increasing urbanization (Finsen andBenum 1987, Ray et al 1990).…”

“…Alternatively, the higher fracture incidence among urban populations has been attributed to less physical activity, with a consequent reduction in bone mass (Finsen and Benum 1987, Mannius et al 1987. Larsson et al 1989, Lau et al 1990.…”

“…The excess urban rates persist after ageadjustment, and the gap may be widening over time (Mannius et al 1987, Larsson et al 1989. It is uncertain whether or not these observations are generalizable to other regions.…”

“…Scandinavian studies have demonstrated a greater incidence of proximal femur (hip) fractures in urban compared to rural populations (Reikeris et al 1984, Falch et al 1985, Finsen and Benum 1987, Mannius et al 1987, Sernbo et al 1988, Jarnlo et al 1989, Larsson et al 1989. The excess urban rates persist after ageadjustment, and the gap may be widening over time (Mannius et al 1987, Larsson et al 1989.…”

Hip fracture incidence in Malaysia 1981–1989

“…The age-corrected incidence rate had also increased with demographic aging contributing to 38 percent of the increase from 1981 to 1989. The overall incidence rate of 0.70 per thousand population in 1989 in our population is much lower than that of European countries where the incidence is 2.3 to 5.8 per thousand (Jarnlo et al 1989. Larsson et al 1989).…”