“…Its material can aid in developing EFL students' language abilities in various contexts and settings (Albahiri & Alhaj, 2020;Kristiani & Pradnyadewi, 2021;Nasution, 2019;Sari, Dardjito & Azizah, 2020). Researchers all over the world have conducted studies on YouTube in EFL areas, such as Jordan (Saed et al, 2021), Afghanistan (Noori, Orfan, Akramy & Hashemi, 2022), Taiwan (Chien, Huang & Huang, 2020), South Korea (Im, 2022), and Kazakhstan (Toleuzhan, Sarzhanova, Romanenko, Uteubayeva & Karbozova, 2023). Few studies were conducted on factors affecting the use of YouTube to improve English-speaking skills as a vitally important productive skill for efficient communication, especially in developing countries like Indonesia.…”