Hip joint loading during walking and running, measured in two patients

Determination of hip-joint loading patterns of living and extinct mammals using an inverse Wolff’s law approach

“…Calculated peak forces for human and dog compare well to in vivo hip-joint force measurements from the literature that showed peak forces during stance phase of normal walking of 211-410 % BW in humans (Bergmann et al 2001(Bergmann et al , 1993(Bergmann et al , 1984 and approximately 165 % BW in dogs (Page et al 1993). At least in humans, these values depend on the walking speed as shown by increasing values from 280 % BW at 1 km h −1 to 480 % BW at 5 km h −1 , and 550 % BW when jogging (Bergmann et al 1993).…”

“…At least in humans, these values depend on the walking speed as shown by increasing values from 280 % BW at 1 km h −1 to 480 % BW at 5 km h −1 , and 550 % BW when jogging (Bergmann et al 1993). Peak forces measured during normal walking are slightly below our estimates, likely because our approach provides estimates of the prevalent loading history also including larger forces such as during faster walking or jogging.…”

“…4a-c). Calculated human and canine loading patterns compare favourably with in vivo measurements during walking (Bergmann et al 2001(Bergmann et al , 1993(Bergmann et al , 1984Page et al 1993). Only some small forces approximately ten times smaller than the main forces calculated for the lateral and medial rim were not in agreement in the human case (Fig.…”

“…In the present study, we apply this algorithm reconstructing the elaborate loading patterns at the hip joint for human and dog, two species exhibiting different locomotion. Results are compared to direct in vivo force measurements using instrumented implants, as reported in the literature (Bergmann et al 2001(Bergmann et al , 1993(Bergmann et al , 1984Page et al 1993). Considering the potential to reconstruct joint loads and thus infer locomotion of extinct animals based on their fossil remains, as a proof of concept, the algorithm is also applied to predict the loading pattern for an extinct cave lion based on microstructure measurement obtained from a fossil femur.…”

Effect of microseparation on contact mechanics in metal‐on‐metal hip replacements—A finite element analysis

“…Both the magnitude and direction of contact force may vary depending on the external load from the ground reaction force and surrounding muscle force, the head displacement, and the duration of contact, which should be determined with the full dynamic model. Instead, in this study, the load in the vertical direction with a wide range of magnitudes from 0.5 to 3.0 kN was considered as the major loading component according to ISO 14242‐1:2002 standard for a walking cycle used with hip simulator36 and measured data with implanted prostheses37 during walking, and chosen for each of the head displacements considered. In order to implement such a static contact analysis, it is required to restrain the rotation of the head to avoid rigid body motion problem; in this study, to achieve such constraint, an adjacent node within a distance <1 mm to the head centre on the vertical axis of the head was chosen and assigned the same lateral displacement constraint along the X ‐axis as the head centre (Figure 2).…”