The past 50 years have transformed imaging of the joints. Whereas musculoskeletal imaging consisted predominantly of conventional radiography when Investigative Radiology was founded as a journal, the arrival of new imaging modalities, and above all, the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging, resulted in a paradigm shift: In addition to visualizing osseous structures, now the detailed depiction of soft tissue structures became part of routine clinical imaging and had a major impact on understanding pathophysiology and patient treatment. This article analyzes the patterns of innovation that were essential for the transformation of musculoskeletal radiology. Furthermore, state-of-the-art joint imaging is described through 9 key concepts, including both cutting-edge clinical applications as well as topics at the forefront of musculoskeletal research. Eventually, emerging trends are outlined that will likely shape musculoskeletal radiology in the next decades. The past 50 years have transformed imaging of the joints. Whereas musculoskeletal imaging consisted predominantly of conventional radiography when Investigative Radiology was founded as a journal, the arrival of new imaging modalities, and above all, the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging, resulted in a paradigm shift: In addition to visualizing osseous structures, now the detailed depiction of soft tissue structures became part of routine clinical imaging and had a major impact on understanding pathophysiology and patient treatment. This article analyzes the patterns of innovation that were essential for the transformation of musculoskeletal radiology. Furthermore, state-of-the-art joint imaging is described through 9 key concepts, including both cutting-edge clinical applications as well as topics at the forefront of musculoskeletal research. Eventually, emerging trends are outlined that will likely shape musculoskeletal radiology in the next decades.