The significance of on-board spaceborne SAR imaging processing is expatiated first. By analyzing the characteristics of spaceborne SAR imaging processing, a duallayer, scalable, reconfigurable and fault-tolerant on-board spaceborne SAR real-time imaging processing system architecture, which the top layer adopts data partition parallel processing and the bottom layer adopts multi processors fine granularity close coupling, is put forward. System running efficiency is pointed out to analyze the whole system's efficiency; two system bottom realizable structures of bus sharing and bus distributing were designed.