Hippocampal regenerative medicine: neurogenic implications for addiction and mental disorders

Abstract

Psychiatric illness is a prevalent and highly debilitating disorder, and more than 50% of the general population in both middle- and high-income countries experience at least one psychiatric disorder at some point in their lives. As we continue to learn how pervasive psychiatric episodes are in society, we must acknowledge that psychiatric disorders are not solely relegated to a small group of predisposed individuals but rather occur in significant portions of all societal groups. Several distinct brain regions have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disease. These brain regions include corticolimbic structures, which regulate executive function and decision making (e.g., the prefrontal cortex), as well as striatal subregions known to control motivated behavior under normal and stressful conditions. Importantly, the corticolimbic neural circuitry includes the hippocampus, a critical brain structure that sends projections to both the cortex and striatum to coordinate learning, memory, and mood. In this review, we will discuss past and recent discoveries of how neurobiological processes in the hippocampus and corticolimbic structures work in concert to control executive function, memory, and mood in the context of mental disorders.

Extracellular cues accelerate neurogenesis of induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons

“…Dysfunctional neurogenesis is evident in multiple neurological (e.g., epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, addiction) [48][49][50] and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Prion Disease) [51][52] .…”

Early Life Stress and Metabolic Plasticity of Brain Cells: Impact on Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis

“…Presumably, focusing on the exact population of brain cells with similar functional competencies will allow deciphering the key biochemical and physiological signatures corresponding to particular regimens of brain activity in ELS. In this context, assessment of metabolic status and mitochondrial activity/dynamics in cells with confirmed neurogenic and angiogenic potential (NSCs, NPCs, EPCs, tip- and stalk-endothelial cells) either in vitro or in vivo is of great importance for the identification of molecular targets sensitive to pharmacological agents and drug candidates [ 236 , 237 ].…”

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants by green synthesized Prussian blue analogue nanocomposite

“…demonstrated toxicity even at extremely low quantities (0.04 g L À1 ) when released in an untreated manner. [4][5][6][7][8] Additionally, they have a high persistency, a stubborn, incomplete metabolism, and biological activity that could cause endocrine disruption in living things. 4,6 Paracetamol (PCM) and atenolol (ATL) are two of these PACs that are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines that are readily available without a prescription and whose physicochemical characteristics are listed in Table 1.…”

“…[4][5][6][7][8] Additionally, they have a high persistency, a stubborn, incomplete metabolism, and biological activity that could cause endocrine disruption in living things. 4,6 Paracetamol (PCM) and atenolol (ATL) are two of these PACs that are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines that are readily available without a prescription and whose physicochemical characteristics are listed in Table 1. 9,10 While ATL (-blocker) improves the pharmacodynamic actions on β1 and also β2-receptors, which may slow down the heartbeat and produce hypotension with shock, an excess of PCM may result in chronic health problems including hepatic necrosis, skin responses, renal damage, and stomach bleeding.…”