Hippocampus in health and disease: An overview

Anand, Kuljeet Singh; Dhikav, Vikas

doi:10.4103/0972-2327.104323

Cited by 409 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…The critical role of hippocampus in providing negative feedback to the hypothalamus and thus in regulating HPA axis and stress response is well described (Dedovic et al, 2009; Hennerici & Szabo, 2014; Zschucke et al, 2015). Hippocampal dependent functions have been found to be impaired in numerous stress-related disorders (Lupien & McEwen, 1997; Herman et al, 2005, Goldstein et al, 2015) and developmental hippocampal abnormalities have been associated with risk for stress-related disorders (Seidman et al, 2002; Gilbertson et al, 2002; Meisenzahl et al, 2010; Anand & Dhikav, 2012; Levone et al, 2015; Pruessner et al, 2015). In fact, altered connectivity within this circuitry has been linked further to anxiety (Holmes et al, 2012), fear (Lebron-Milad et al, 2012) and reward (Admon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural - hormonal responses to negative affective stimuli: Impact of dysphoric mood and sex

Marečková

Holsen

Admon

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background Maladaptive responses to negative affective stimuli are pervasive, including clinically ill and healthy people, and men and women respond differently at neural and hormonal levels. Inspired by the Research Domain Criteria initiative, we used a transdiagnostic approach to investigate the impact of sex and dysphoric mood on neural-hormonal responses to negative affective stimuli. Methods Participants included 99 individuals with major depressive disorder, psychosis and healthy controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was complemented with realtime acquisition of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) hormones. fMRI data were analyzed in SPM8 and task-related connectivity was assessed using generalized psychophysiological interaction. Results Across all participants, elevated cortisol response predicted lower brain activity in orbitofrontal cortex and hypothalamus-amygdala connectivity. In those with worse dysphoric mood, elevated cortisol response predicted lower activity in hypothalamus and hippocampus. In women, elevated cortisol response was associated with lower activity in medial prefrontal cortex and low hypothalamo-hippocampal connectivity. In women with high dysphoric mood, elevated cortisol response was associated with low hypothalamo–hippocampal connectivity. There were no interactions with diagnosis or medication. Limitations There was limited power to correct for multiple comparisons across total number of ROIs and connectivity targets; cortisol responses were relatively low. Conclusions We conclude that the pathophysiology in neural-hormonal responses to negative affective stimuli is shared across healthy and clinical populations and varies as a function of sex and dysphoric mood. Our findings may contribute to the development of hormonal adjunctive therapeutics that are sex-dependent, underscoring the importance of one’s sex to precision medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural - hormonal responses to negative affective stimuli: Impact of dysphoric mood and sex

Marečková

Holsen

Admon

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…The hippocampus proper is constituted by the CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 fields, which are made of a three‐layered structure with a single pyramidal layer flanked by plexiform layers on both sides (for a review, see Ref. ). Excitatory pyramidal cells account for the majority of neurons found in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Molecular Pathogenesis: the Contribution Of The Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angelman syndrome: a journey through the brain

et al. 2020

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Angelman syndrome (AS) is an incurable neurodevelopmental disease caused by loss of function of the maternally inherited UBE3A gene. AS is characterized by a defined set of symptoms, namely severe developmental delay, speech impairment, uncontrolled laughter, and ataxia. Current understanding of the pathophysiology of AS relies mostly on studies using the murine model of the disease, although alternative models based on patient-derived stem cells are now emerging. Here, we summarize the literature of the last decade concerning the three major brain areas that have been the subject of study in the context of AS: hippocampus, cortex, and the cerebellum. Our comprehensive analysis highlights the major phenotypes ascribed to the different brain areas. Moreover, we also discuss the major drawbacks of current models and point out future directions for research in the context of AS, which will hopefully lead us to an effective treatment of this condition in humans.

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“…All of these factors are common in Western societies and may combine with a WS-diet to cause acute, and in the longer-term, cumulative damage to the hippocampus. It may be for this reason that a WS-diet [72]along with the other factors listed here-are known correlates of Alzheimer's disease [73,74].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Hippocampal-dependent appetitive control is impaired by experimental exposure to a Western-style diet

et al. 2020

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Animals fed a Western-style diet (WS-diet) demonstrate rapid impairments in hippocampal function and poorer appetitive control. We examined if this also occurs in humans. One-hundred and ten healthy lean adults were randomized to either a one-week WS-diet intervention or a habitual-diet control group. Measures of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory (HDLM) and of appetitive control were obtained pre- and post-intervention. HDLM was retested at three-week follow-up. Relative to controls, HDLM performance declined in the WS-diet group ( d = 0.43), but was not different at follow-up. Appetitive control also declined in the WS-diet group ( d = 0.47) and this was strongly correlated with HDLM decline ( d = 1.01). These findings demonstrate that a WS-diet can rapidly impair appetitive control in humans—an effect that could promote overeating in consumers of a WS-diet. The study also suggests a functional role for the hippocampus in appetitive control and provides new evidence for the adverse neurocognitive effects of a WS-diet.

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Hippocampus in health and disease: An overview

Cited by 409 publications

References 68 publications

Neural - hormonal responses to negative affective stimuli: Impact of dysphoric mood and sex

Neural - hormonal responses to negative affective stimuli: Impact of dysphoric mood and sex

Angelman syndrome: a journey through the brain

Hippocampal-dependent appetitive control is impaired by experimental exposure to a Western-style diet

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