Hirsutism: A Clinico-investigative Study

Abstract

Background:Hirsutism is a common clinical condition characterized by presence of terminal hair at body sites under androgenic influence. Inspite of the significant worldwide prevalence of hirsutism, studies on hirsutism from India are not many.Objective:To assess the etiology of hirsutism and correlate its severity with underlying causes and various hormone levels.Materials and Methods:In this prospective study, 40 patients of hirsutism enrolled on first come basis were included. All patients underwent detailed clinical assessment and transabdominal ultrasonography. Free and total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, free tri-iodothyronine, free tetra-iodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone, and sex hormone binding globulin were estimated. Forty age-matched controls without features of hyperandrogenemia were included for the comparison.Results:Thirteen (32.5%) patients had mild, 52.5% had moderate whereas 15% had severe hirsutism. Positive family history was documented in 42.5% patients. The clinical features found to be associated with hirsutism included acne (55%), menstrual irregularities (40%), acanthosis nigricans (37.5%), obesity (37.5%), and androgenetic alopecia in 27.5% of patients. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was the underlying cause in 70%, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hypothyroidism in 7.5% each whereas idiopathic hirsutism was found in 15% patients.Conclusion:PCOS was the most common cause of hirsutism found in the instant study. Further, there was positive correlation between severity of hirsutism and free testosterone levels.

Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

“…[18192021] Menstrual irregularities reported in 43% of our patients was also in agreement and disagreement with other studies. [1718192021] Contradictory to previous reports 80% of our patients were married with 26.3% having a history of infertility. [1820]…”

“…[161718] The duration of hirsutism (>1 year) was both in agreement and disagreement with other studies. [17181920] The family history of hirsutism was present in 23% of our patients, and the family history ranged from 16% to 45% in different studies. [18192021] Menstrual irregularities reported in 43% of our patients was also in agreement and disagreement with other studies.…”

“…[1718192021] Contradictory to previous reports 80% of our patients were married with 26.3% having a history of infertility. [1820]…”

Grading of hirsutism based on the Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system in Kosovar women

“…Chhabra et al . in their study found that 42.5% of women had a positive family history [8] while Ahmad et al found the positive family history only in 25.7% of cases [9]. Ghalib et al have observed that 24.1% of females with hirsutism had a positive family history [10].…”

Physicochemical properties and complexing ability of N-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-N′-sulfonylhydrazines

“…The interest to acyl derivatives of sulfonylhydrazides is connected with a wide spectrum of their application: surfactants, antioxidants, curing agents, a basis of power supply sources in electronic engineering, fungicides, drugs [1][2][3].…”