Hirsutism: Clinico-investigative profile of 50 Indian patients

Sharma, Nand Lal; Mahajan, Vikram K.; Jindal, Rashmi; Gupta, Mrinal; Lath, Anju

doi:10.4103/0019-5154.42387

Cited by 33 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[161718] The duration of hirsutism (>1 year) was both in agreement and disagreement with other studies. [17181920] The family history of hirsutism was present in 23% of our patients, and the family history ranged from 16% to 45% in different studies. [18192021] Menstrual irregularities reported in 43% of our patients was also in agreement and disagreement with other studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

Aswini

Jayapalan

2017

Int J Trichol

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Background:Hirsutism is the presence of terminal hair in females in males pattern. It occurs in 5%–15% of women. Modified Ferriman–Gallwey (mFG) score of ≥ 8 is considered hirsutism, but there are populations with a low mFG score. In clinical practice, hirsutism is subjective. Although hirsutism is considered as a purely esthetic problem, it is associated with many underlying disorders, especially androgen excess disorders. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) disease is the most common cause of androgen excess in females, and there are reports of its association with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome occurs alone in hirsutism.Aims:To assess mFG score in patients who consider themselves as hirsute. To study the association between metabolic syndrome and hirsutism.Methods:Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. The severity of hirsutism was assessed using mFG score and metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the American Heart Association criteria. mFG score was expressed as mean and Student's t-test and Chi-square statistic were used as the tests of significance. Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results:The mean mFG score was 5.5. Metabolic syndrome was present in 44%. About 65.2% of patients with score ≥8 had metabolic syndrome, whereas only 37.7% of patients with score <8 had metabolic syndrome (P = 0.019). Metabolic syndrome (P = 0.018) and PCOS (P = 0.003) were the significant variables in logistic regression analysis. Triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dl and waist circumference ≥88 cm were the components of metabolic syndrome that were significantly associated with hirsutism (P = 0.006 in both).Conclusions:To find the ideal cutoff of mFG score to define hirsutism in our population, a population study among females in the reproductive age group has to be conducted. As there is a definite association of hirsutism and metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome can result in cardiovascular complications, any women presenting with terminal hair in a male pattern should be evaluated for metabolic syndrome irrespective of the mFG score.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…[18192021] Menstrual irregularities reported in 43% of our patients was also in agreement and disagreement with other studies. [1718192021] Contradictory to previous reports 80% of our patients were married with 26.3% having a history of infertility. [1820]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

Aswini

Jayapalan

2017

Int J Trichol

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“…7 5-10% of women in reproductive age are affected by hirsutism. 8 In our study the mean age was 24.41 years which was slightly less compared to a study by Baig et al in which it was 26.12±5.83 years. 4 Most of the patients in our study were students (62%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…It may be associated with significant underlying diseases, often linked with decreased quality of life, impaired selfimage of the patient feminine identity. 9 In our study, 38% had severe hirsutism which was only 8% in a study conducted by Hodeeb et al 3 23% of the cases in our study were associated with PCOS and 7% had hypothyroidism which was 38% and 8% respectively in a study by Sharma et al 8 . Mean DLQI of our study was 6.67±4.57 which was lesser than mean scores of the study by Baig et al and Loo et al where it was 17.9±5.71 and 12.8±8.5 respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The effect of hirsutism on the quality of life of Indian women

Kiran

Gupta

2018

Int J Res Dermatol

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INTRODUCTIONHirsutism is defined as excessive male pattern hair growth in a female. 1 The prevalence of hirsutism is 10% in women of child bearing age and is influenced by genetic and racial factors.2 It is cosmetically concerning for women and can affect the self-esteem significantly. 3Women with hirsutism have social phobia, insecurity about interpersonal relationships, shattered confidence and profound psychological sequlae. 4 Quality of life is defined as "the individuals" perceptions of their position in life in the context of culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.3 Several indices are available in the form questionnaires to measure the effect of diseases on the quality of life. One such questionnaire is Dermatology life quality index (DLQI), which is valid, simple and practical and is designed to measure the extent of disability caused by various skin diseases. 4ABSTRACT Background: Quality of life is an individual perception of physical, psychological and social functioning. Hirsutism is excess male pattern hair growth in females. In women, hirsutism causes significant psychological and social problems. It impacts quality of life negatively. So, this study was undertaken to determine the quality of life of women with hirsutism using dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Methods: Hirsutism was assessed quantitatively by Ferriman-Gallwey score (F-G score) and qualitatively by selfadministered questionnaires of DLQI. Other parameters such as age, occupation, co-morbidities, socio-economic status, marriage status, religion, educational status were assessed. Results: DLQI of 100 hirsute women, 12% had no effect, 34% had small effect, moderate effect in 37%, had very large effect in 17% and no patients had extremely large affect. Daily activity had highest mean DLQI followed by symptoms and feelings. The mean DLQI score of 100 hirsute women was 6.67±4.57. Mean DLQI score of hirsute women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was 9.96±5.62 which was greater than the patients without PCOS and it was statistically significant (p=0.03). DLQI score was not affected by severity of hirsutism, age, occupation, socio-economic status, marriage status, religion and educational status. Conclusions: Hirsutism had a moderate effect on the quality of life of Indian women. Impairment of quality of life was greater with the presence of PCOS. Daily activity of the Indian women was affected the most due to the presence of hirsutism.

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“…4 Hirsutism results from either an exogenous or endogenous increase in circulating androgens or from increased sensitivity of the hair follicles to normal serum androgen levels (end organ dysfunction). [5][6][7] Irregular cycles from the time of menarche are more likely to result from ovarian rather than adrenal androgen excess. We noted irregular menstrual cycle in 35 patients (48%) due to PCOD, Cushing's disease and hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evaluation of hirsutism in South India

Subha¹,

Tharini²

2018

Int J Res Dermatol

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Background: Hirsutism is defined as the presence of terminal coarse hairs in women, in male distribution. Hirsutism affects approximately 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age. There are only very few studies from south India on associations of hirsutism. We analyzed the prevalence of hirsutism among different age groups, etiology and its associated conditions.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, of a tertiary hospital in south India over a period of two years. Patients with Ferriman Gallway score of 8 or more were included in the study. Complete history, examination and investigations including USG abdomen & pelvis, hormonal assay were done for all patients. All our patients were screened for metabolic syndrome.Results: A total of 73 patients with hirsutism were enrolled. Among them, 53 (72.6%) were in the age group of 15 to 35 years. Menstrual irregularities were seen in 35 patients (48%). Face was the commonest site of involvement. Serum total testosterone was elevated in 10 patients (13.7%). LH, FSH ratio was more than 2 in 12 patients (16.4%). Polycystic ovaries were seen on pelvic ultrasonogram in 20 patients (27.3%).Conclusions: Idiopathic hirsutism was the most common cause of hirsutism in our study. In our study 30% of patients were obese. Among them, features of metabolic syndrome were seen in 31.8%, though majority of our patients were young.

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Hirsutism: Clinico-investigative profile of 50 Indian patients

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

The effect of hirsutism on the quality of life of Indian women

Clinical evaluation of hirsutism in South India

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