His, hers, or theirs? Coparenting after the birth of a second child.

Kuo, Patty X.; Volling, Brenda L.; Gonzalez, Richard

doi:10.1037/fam0000321

Cited by 41 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Having multiple children was associated with a lower likelihood of regular exercise and, at the level of a trend, drinking on more days per week. Parenthood involves additional demands on time and workload-and the presence of multiple children may result in less time for exercise and self-care (Kuo et al, 2017), a scenario that is likely enhanced if children have special needs, such as developmental and behavioral challenges (Luijkx, van der Putten, & Vlaskamp, 2017)-that we did not examine but that are more likely among adopted children (Keyes, Sharma, Elkins, Iacono, & McGue, 2008). Regarding their higher alcohol use, parents of multiple children may have had less time, ease, and flexibility in time use than their one-child peers, possibly confining their evening and weekend activities to a greater degree and leading to a greater reliance on alcohol as a form of leisure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health behaviors and outcomes of parents in same-sex couples: An exploratory study.

Goldberg

Smith²,

McCormick

et al. 2019

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Research exploring health behaviors and outcomes among sexual minorities has yet to include same-sex parents, who face additional stressors associated with parenthood. This exploratory study investigates self-reported health behaviors (regular exercise, sleep, and alcohol use) and outcomes (chronic health conditions, depression, and overall health) among 141 parents in same-sex couples (N ϭ 83 families) with adopted school-age children. Several predictors were investigated, including parent gender, number of children, parenting stress, marital status, and internalized homophobia (IH), controlling for education, income, and work hours. Findings showed that parenting stress and IH were most commonly associated (p Ͻ .05) with health behaviors and outcomes, but functioned differently in women and men. Women with high stress had greater odds of exercising Ն3 days a week, but women with high IH had lower odds of exercising that much; vice versa in men. Additional findings among men were greater odds of depression than women; and, men with low IH more often slept Ͻ7 h a week and reported greater alcohol intake than those with high IH. Among parents generally, those with multiple children and those who were unmarried had lower odds of exercising Ն3 days a week, while those with high stress had greater odds of depression and of a chronic health condition. This study highlights the many areas requiring further research in the field of same-sex parent health. Public Significance Statement Lesbian and gay parents are exposed to minority stress and parenting stress, which may have implications for their health behaviors and outcomes. The findings of this exploratory study show that parenting stress and internalized homophobia were often associated with parents' health behaviors and outcomes, but functioned differently in women and men. Additional findings of interest were that gay male parents were at greater odds of depression than lesbian mothers; and, among parents generally, those with multiple children and those who were unmarried were less likely to exercise, and those with high stress were more likely to be depressed and to have a chronic health condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health behaviors and outcomes of parents in same-sex couples: An exploratory study.

Goldberg

Smith²,

McCormick

et al. 2019

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ratings were averaged, with higher scores representing higher levels of coparenting conflicts. This measure had been used to indicate coparenting conflicts among parents [Kuo, Volling, & Gonzalez, 2017]. In previous studies, its validity was supported by its significant correlations with theoretically related constructs, and its reliability was evinced by its high internal consistency [Kuo et al, 2017].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Child Autistic Symptoms on Parental Marital Relationship: Parenting and Coparenting Processes as Mediating Mechanisms

Chan

Leung

2020

Autism Research

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Research shows that parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love. Less is known, however, about the potential mechanism underlying these associations. The present study tested a family process model linking child autism to parental marriage. We hypothesized that child autistic symptoms would be associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD, and that these associations would be mediated by parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. A total of 382 parents of children with ASD from Hong Kong, China completed questionnaire measures of child autistic symptoms, parenting stress, coparenting conflicts, marital conflicts, and marital love. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap analyses were conducted to analyze the relations among the variables. SEM showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that child autistic symptoms had significant indirect effects on marital conflicts and marital love via parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. Theoretically, this study revealed the potential pathways through which child autism symptomatology may adversely impact the family processes and compromise the marital relationships of parents of children with ASD. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. Lay Summary This study showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings pointed to the importance of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1516–1526. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…This transition, however, is not without stress or strain. During the first few months after the birth of a second child, coparenting conflict increases between parents, whereas cooperation decreases (Kuo, Volling, & Gonzalez, 2017), but parents become more cooperative at the end of the year (Szabó, Dubas, & van Aken, 2012). On average, mothers report greater conflict and ambivalence in their marriages after the birth of a second child, but positive marital relations did not differ for mothers and fathers (Volling, Oh, Gonzalez, Kuo, & Yu, 2015).…”

Section: Developmental Changes In Families After the Birth Of A Seconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender role beliefs, work–family conflict, and father involvement after the birth of a second child.

Kuo

Volling

Gonzalez

2018

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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A major task for parents during the transition to second-time parenthood is to help their firstborn adjust to their new roles as siblings. Increased father involvement has been theorized to be protective for firstborn adjustment. Fathers, however, are under increasing pressure to balance both work and family responsibilities. Here we evaluate fathers' relative involvement in two-child families as a function of family structure, gender role beliefs, and work-family conflict in 222 dual- and single-earner families from the Midwestern region of the United States after the birth of a second child. Couples reported on father involvement with firstborns and infants when the infants were 1, 4, 8, and 12 months old. On average, fathers increased their involvement with infants but decreased their involvement with firstborns. Dual-earner fathers were more involved with their children than single-earner fathers. Although mean levels of father involvement were different between dual- and single-earners, multi-group parallel process trajectory latent growth curve models revealed more similarities than differences between dual- and single-earners in processes guiding father involvement. Both dual- and single-earner fathers engaged in juggling childcare between children and both dual- and single-earner fathers' involvement with infants was constrained by work-family conflict. Gender role beliefs predicted child care involvement for dual-earner, but not single-earner fathers: more egalitarian gender roles predicted greater involvement with the firstborn immediately after the birth of the second child. Results underscore the need for greater workplace support for fathers' caregiving roles after the birth of an infant.

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His, hers, or theirs? Coparenting after the birth of a second child.

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Health behaviors and outcomes of parents in same-sex couples: An exploratory study.

Health behaviors and outcomes of parents in same-sex couples: An exploratory study.

The Impact of Child Autistic Symptoms on Parental Marital Relationship: Parenting and Coparenting Processes as Mediating Mechanisms

Gender role beliefs, work–family conflict, and father involvement after the birth of a second child.

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