Hispanic College Men's Perceptions of Appropriate Strategies for Initiating Sexual Intercourse with Women

Gender and race as correlates of high risk sex behaviors among injection drug users at risk for HIV enrolled in the HPTN 037 study

“…The relevance of sexual/gender theoretical frameworks were substantiated through their use in public health research aimed at better understanding sexual risk behaviors in the context of HIV and related public health issues (Bowleg et al, 2015; Eaton and Stephens, 2016; Horley, 2016; Stephens, 2017). A theoretical framework built on both the Sexual Script Theory (SST) and the Theory of Gender and Power (TGP) highlights the influence of gender roles on sexual behaviors of women.…”

“Think Like a Man”: How Sexual Cultural Scripting and Masculinity Influence Changes in Men's Use of Intimate Partner Violence

“…Nevertheless, there are cultural differences in how men express their traditional masculine norms across racial and ethnic groups (Levant, Majors, & Kelley, 1998). For example, machismo and caballerismo are male gender norms in Hispanic and Latino communities (Stephens, Eaton, & Boyd, 2016). Machismo states that masculinity is proven through sexuality (Glass & Owen, 2010) and is associated with aggression and toughness in intimate relationships (Stephens et al, 2016).…”

“…For example, machismo and caballerismo are male gender norms in Hispanic and Latino communities (Stephens, Eaton, & Boyd, 2016). Machismo states that masculinity is proven through sexuality (Glass & Owen, 2010) and is associated with aggression and toughness in intimate relationships (Stephens et al, 2016). Conversely, caballerismo characterizes masculinity as being proper, chivalrous, (Arciniega, Anderson, Tovar-Blank, & Tracey, 2008) and open in relationships (Estrada & Arciniega, 2015; Stephens et al, 2016).…”

"They are Supposed to be There for Me": Using Thematic Analysis to Understand Sexual Assault Disclosures in Hispanic Families

“…It is also commonly believed that Hispanic males cannot be sexually assaulted by women. According to machismo ideologies, men should always initiate sex and dominate women during sex, making it seem impossible for men to be assaulted by women (Stephens, Eaton, & Boyd, 2017).…”

“…Caballerismo is a framework that paints Hispanic masculinity in a positive light. Stephens et al (2017) states that caballerismo ideology values chivalry, respect, and emotional expressiveness and prioritizes interpersonal relationships. Hispanic men who endorse caballerismo rank higher than machismo men on scales of satisfaction in terms of family relationships, positive feelings of self, overall life satisfaction, and satisfaction with social support (e.g., Arciniega et al, 2008;.…”