Hispanic ethnicity and Caucasian race: Relations with posttraumatic stress disorder’s factor structure in clinic-referred youth.

Contractor, Ateka A.; Claycomb, Meredith A.; Byllesby, Brianna M.; Layne, Christopher; Kaplow, Julie B.; Steinberg, Alan M.; Elhai, Jon D.

doi:10.1037/tra0000068

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As university campuses become more ethnically diverse, Latinos are showing the fastest rate of enrollment growth [ 44 ]. Latinos have also shown a greater risk of developing PTSD [ 45 – 48 ] and may experience more severe symptoms [ 36 ]. While the disparity in PTSD among Latinos could be due to the inappropriate use of culturally insensitive measures, it could also be due to differences in culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The performance of the IES-R for Latinos and non-Latinos: Assessing measurement invariance

et al. 2018

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Violent acts on university campuses are becoming more frequent. Enrollment rates of Latinos at universities is increasing. Research has indicated that youths are more susceptible to trauma, particularly Latinos. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the validity of commonly used posttraumatic stress measures among Latino college students. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is one of the most commonly used metrics of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. However, it is largely unknown if the IES-R is measuring the same construct across different sub-samples (e.g. Latino versus non-Latino). The current study aimed to assess measurement invariance for the IES-R between Latino and non-Latino participants. A total of 545 participants completed the IES-R. One- and three-factor scoring solutions were compared using confirmatory factor analyses. Measurement invariance was then evaluated by estimating several multiple-group confirmatory factor analytic models. Four models with an increasing degree of invariance across groups were compared. A significant χ2 difference test was used to indicate a significant change in model fit between nested models within the measurement invariance testing process. The three-factor scoring solution could not be used for the measurement invariance process because the subscale correlations were too high for estimation (rs 0.92–1.00). Therefore, the one-factor model was used for the invariance testing process. Invariance was met for each level of invariance: configural, metric, scalar, and strict. All measurement invariance testing results indicated that the one-factor solution for the IES-R was equivalent for the Latino and non-Latino participants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although measurement invariance on the IES-R has not been assessed with Latinos, research on other PTSD scales have found measurement invariance [ 48 ] and non-invariance [ 51 ] between Latino and Caucasian sub-samples. This inconsistency might be caused by study characteristics, such as the specific scale assessed in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of the IES-R for Latinos and non-Latinos: Assessing measurement invariance

et al. 2018

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“…Charak et al (2014) found that the Dysphoric Arousal Model of PTSD assessed by the PCL-C was the best model in an Indian sample, although the fit indices of all PTSD models were fairly similar, which underlines the cross-cultural validity of PTSD symptomatology. In a study by Contractor et al (2015), the structural invariance of PTSD 5-factor model across Hispanic and Caucasian groups was supported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Only when MI holds for a mental health questionnaire, cross-group differences in scores on mental health constructs are meaningful (Meredith, 1993; Steenkamp & Baumgartner, 1998; Van De Schoot et al, 2012). Methodologically, scholars have examined MI of mental health questionnaires using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA; Charak et al, 2014; Contractor et al, 2015; Fodor et al, 2015; Schnyder et al, 2015). CFA is a widely-used technique for testing MI of mental health questionnaires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of psychopathology among traumatized refugees: measurement invariance of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 across five linguistic groups

Wind

Rie

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Questionnaires are widely used to assess the mental health status of refugees, whereas their construct validity largely remains unexplored. Objective: This study examined the construct validity of two widely-used instruments for the assessment of PTSD symptoms (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire [HTQ]; 16 items) and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hopkins Symptom Check list-25 [HSCL-25]; 25 items) among Dutch and refugee patients with different linguistic backgrounds. Method: We applied exploratory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses to test construct validity.Participants (n =1 256) were divided into five linguistic groups defined by language family, including four non-western linguistic groups (Indo-Iranian [n = 262], Niger-Congo [n = 134], Semitic [n = 288], and South Slavic languages [n = 199]) and one western linguistic group (Germanic languages; Dutch [n = 373]). Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor structure of the HTQ and a 2-factor structure of the HSCL-25. Measurement invariance 20 analyses on the HTQ showed strong measurement invariance across the groups of refugee patients. However, Dutch patients reported milder symptom severity on most items of the HTQ. Measurement invariance analyses on the HSCL-25 (not conducted in Dutch patients) indicated partial strong measurement invariance across refugee patients. Conclusion: We conclude that mental health constructs measured by the HTQ and the HSCL25 25 are to a large extent interpreted in a similar way by refugee patients. This indicates that these instruments can be applied in non-western refugee patient populations, and that local idioms of distress and inherent response patterns may not play a major role when applying the HTQ and the HSCL-25 in these populations. Yet, whereas meaningful comparisons of observed PTSD and depression scores between groups of refugee patients with different non30 western linguistic background are feasible, comparisons between patients with a western and non-western linguistic background, as well as comparisons of anxiety scores, are likely to be biased. Future studies need to establish whether the commonly used cut-off scores of both questionnaires apply for refugee patients with non-western linguistic backgrounds.

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“…Therefore, to meaningfully compare the prevalence of PTSD rates among African Americans with that among members of other ethnic groups 11 and accurately interpret cultural correlates of observed group differences, it is necessary to first establish the factorial structure and external validity of PTSD factor scores among African Americans. 12 , 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor structure and external correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among African American firefighters

Arbona¹,

Fan²,

Noor³

2016

PRBM

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This study compared the relative goodness of fit of three well-established factorial models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 477 African American male firefighters in a large city in the US. The compared models were the two four-factor emotional numbing and dysphoria models and a five-factor dysphoric arousal model. The study also examined the convergent and discriminant validity of PTSD symptom clusters in relation to depression and alcohol dependence symptoms. Both the emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal PTSD models provided a superior fit to the data compared to the dysphoria model. Findings also indicated a good fit for factor models that included PTSD, depression, and alcohol dependence latent factors, which provides support for the specificity of PTSD symptom clusters. Depression symptoms were more strongly correlated with PTSD symptom clusters than alcohol dependence. In the dysphoric arousal model, depression and alcohol dependence were equally related to the emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal clusters; however, both depression and alcohol dependence were more highly correlated with dysphoric arousal than with anxious arousal. Even though the emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal models demonstrated a superior fit to the data, the four-factor dysphoria model may provide a more parsimonious representation of PTSD’s latent structure than the five-factor dysphoric arousal model. In conclusion, this study extends support for the well-established PTSD symptom factor models among African Americans, a population with whom these models had not been examined earlier.

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Hispanic ethnicity and Caucasian race: Relations with posttraumatic stress disorder’s factor structure in clinic-referred youth.

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

The performance of the IES-R for Latinos and non-Latinos: Assessing measurement invariance

The performance of the IES-R for Latinos and non-Latinos: Assessing measurement invariance

The assessment of psychopathology among traumatized refugees: measurement invariance of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 across five linguistic groups

Factor structure and external correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among African American firefighters

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