“…Researchers have found that schools, especially those in lower SES communities, may act as mediators between socioeconomic status and the development of civic proficiencies (Lopez, 2006;Pasek, Feldman, Romer, & Jamieson, 2008;Youniss, 2011) by offering students from all socioeconomic backgrounds opportunities to engage in civic thinking, discussion, and action. However, the teaching force tasked with providing these opportunities for civic learning is predominately White and made up of teachers who do not share students' identities or lived experiences (Haddix, 2017;Picower, 2009;Turner et al, 2018;Villegas & Irvine, 2010).…”