Hispidulin, a constituent of Clerodendrum inerme that remitted motor tics, alleviated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion without motor impairment in mice

Cerebellar α6‐subunit‐containing GABAA receptors: a novel therapeutic target for disrupted prepulse inhibition in neuropsychiatric disorders

“…Here, we demonstrate that hispidulin also rescued PPI disruptions via cerebellar α 6 GABA A receptors at a similar dose. The extract of C. inerme from which we isolated hispidulin (Huang et al ., ) also alleviated MIH and restored PPI (Chen et al ., ), suggesting hispidulin is the active constituent of the extract, in both models, by modulation of cerebellar α 6 GABA A receptors.…”

“…Animal studies are reported in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines (Kilkenny et al ., ; McGrath and Lilley, ). All animal procedures were performed in male ICR mice (6‐8 week‐old; BioLASCO Taiwan Co., Ltd. Ilan, Taiwan) as reported in our previous studies conducted in NTUMC (Chen et al ., ; Huang et al ., ) except the experiments with phencyclidine (PCP), which were conducted in male 6 week‐old ddY mice (Nihon SLC, Shizuoka, Japan) at Meijo University. Animals were randomly divided into several groups as needed.…”

“…Hispidulin was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK) or isolated from the ethanol extract of C. inerme leaves as reported previously (Chen et al ., ; Huang et al ., ) with the structure identified by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Isolated hispidulin displayed the same efficacy in alleviating MIH as commercial hispidulin purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Huang et al ., ). Compound 6 was synthesized as reported previously (Zhang et al ., ).…”

“…Tic disorders and Tourette syndrome (TS), an idiopathic spectrum of motor tic disorders, are attributed to an over‐reactive dopaminergic system in the cortico–thalamic–striatal circuit (Singer, ). Therefore, using a hyper‐dopaminergic behaviour model, methamphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion (MIH), we identified the flavonoid hispidulin (6‐methoxy‐4′,5,7‐trihydoxyflavonoid) (Figure A) as an active constituent of the ethanol extract of C. inerme leaves (Huang et al ., ).…”

Plants Producing Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins in Traditional Medicine

“…RIPs can be divided into two main categories: type 1, consisting of a single enzymatically active polypeptide, and type 2, consisting of a polypeptide that is similar to the type 1 RIP and has a lectin chain that is held together by a disulfide bridge (reviewed in [1]). Used as anti-fungal, hepato-protective Used for the treatment of inflammation, cancer, fever, pain, skin diseases, viral infections Leaves [59,60] Croton tiglium L. (purging croton) Euphorbiaceae crotins China Used as laxative Used for the treatment of abdominal pain, ascites, intestinal inflammation, oedema, peptic ulcer Fruits, seeds [46,61] Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (autumn squash) Cucurbitaceae cucurmoschin Caribbean Used for the treatment of prostate problems Fruits [62] Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin) Cucurbitaceae pepocin…”