“…calcium levels in most systems, as well as the activation of small G proteins Rac and RhoA (Gutowski et al, 1991;Notcovich et al, 2010). Alternatively, in native and heterologous H 1 R expression systems, H 1 R signaling via Gi/o, phospholipase A2 activation, and cGMP and nitric oxide production has been described (Richelson, 1978;Snider et al, 1984;Leurs et al, 1994;Seifert et al, 1994;Wang and Kotlikoff, 2000;Prast and Philippu, 2001). In the mammalian brain, adrenal glands, and Chinese hamster ovary cells, activation of H 1 R may also stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC) with consequent intracellular cAMP production (Keogh and Marley, 1991;Marley et al, 1991).…”