Histamine Release by Anaphylatoxin

Silva, M. Rocha E; Bier, Otto G.; Aronson, Melyssa

doi:10.1038/168465a0

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The present results are incompatible with the view of Rocha e Silva, Bier & Aronson (1951) that anaphylatoxin contributes significantly to the release of histamine in the antigen-antibody reaction. This view was based on their finding that anaphylatoxin released between 14-3 and 32*6 Mg histamine from the perfused lungs of a guinea-pig, whereas Bartosch, Feldberg & Nagel (1932) had obtained a release of only 05-4 Mzg, and Daly, Peat & Schild (1935) a release of 0*17-12 ,ug, from perfused lungs during anaphylaxis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

The release of histamine and formation of a slow‐reacting substance (SRS‐A) during anaphylactic shock

Brocklehurst¹

1960

The Journal of Physiology

591

163

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The release of histamine during anaphylaxis has been demonstrated in several species and various tissues, but it is well known that histamine alone cannot satisfactorily account for all the effects on smooth muscle observed during the anaphylactic reaction. The experiments presented in the present paper show that in addition to the release of histamine, the antigen-antibody reaction results in the formation of another smoothmuscle-stimulating substance which causes a slow and long-lasting contraction of the guinea-pig ileum, and which is resistant to anti-histamine drugs. This substance will be referred to as SRS-A.The existence of a slow-reacting substance in the effluent collected during shock from the perfused lungs ofthe guinea-pig was recognized by Kellaway & Trethewie (1940). They were, however, unable to separate its effect upon the guinea-pig gut from that of histamine in the effluent, and their evidence for its presence was based on the observation that the active effluent caused a more prolonged contraction of the gut than did histamine alone. The use of anti-histamine drugs now makes it possible to study SRS-A separately. METHODSThe experiments were performed on perfused lungs or minced tissue from sensitized animals.Sensitization. Young albino guinea-pigs, usually male, of 200-250 g were given an intraperitoneal and a subcutaneous injection each of 100 mg dried egg albumin, as a 10% solution in saline, containing 0-5 % phenol. The animals were killed with N20, or by dislocation of the neck, 3-5 weeks later, when they were always found to be strongly sensitized to the antigen.Young male sandy-lop or albino rabbits were used. A primary antibody response was produced by two intramuscular injections of 25 mg of the antigen, in 1 ml. of adjuvant medium (Freund & McDermott, 1942) given 7 days apart. After 6 weeks, 5 or 6 graded doses of alum-precipitated antigen, rising from 2 to 10 mg, were given intravenously at intervals of 3 days. The animals were killed by dislocation of the neck, or bled out under pentobarbitone, 6-10 days after the last injection.Rats of both sexes, of a hooded strain maintained at the National Institute for Medical Research, London, and weighing about 120 g, were sensitized similarly to rabbits but with

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

The release of histamine and formation of a slow‐reacting substance (SRS‐A) during anaphylactic shock

Brocklehurst¹

1960

The Journal of Physiology

591

163

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“…It was mentioned in the preceding section that guinea pig scrum treated with the specific antigen or a number of non-specific agents (agar, kaolin) acquired toxic properties so that when injected to normal guinea pigs, the toxified serum killed the animals with manifestations similar to anaphylactic shock. It was shown recently that serotoxin, when perfused through guinea pig lungs, released large amounts of histamine (67).…”

Section: » Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Mechanism of the Allergic Reaction

Ungar

1953

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…In addition to having a variety of biological effects on the neutrophil (e.g., chemotaxis, aggregation, enzyme secretion, and superoxide production), C5a also possesses potent spasmogenic activity for smooth muscle derived either from the small intestine or from the lung (9)(10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spasmogenic activity of chemotactic N-formylated oligopeptides: identity of structure--function relationships for chemotactic and spasmogenic activities.

Marasco¹,

Fantone²,

Ward³

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The chemotactic N-formylated oligopeptides are potent spasmogenic agents for guinea pig ileum. Structure-activity studies with various N-formylated peptides suggest the presence of a specific receptor that resembles in specificity the formyl peptide receptor on leukocytes. A competitive antagonist of the formyl peptide receptor on leukocytes also inhibits formyl peptideinduced ileum contraction, whereas the antihistamine diphenhydramine is without effect. The contractile response caused by the synthetic N-formylated peptides differs from those induced by acetylcholine, histamine, and substance P. In particular, a latent period after treatment with the N-formyl peptides is seen before the onset of the response, and a sustained contractile response is not maintained. In addition, tachyphylaxis does occur, but complete recovery of activity is seen after a 20-to 30-min rest period. These observations suggest broad biological roles of prokaryotic signal peptides from bacteria as acute inflammatory mediators.N-formylmethionyl peptides are potent chemotactic agents for both neutrophils (PMN) and macrophages (1) and are believed to be the analogues of the naturally occurring NH2-terminal signal peptides produced by bacteria (2, 3). These products may be responsible for the accumulation of the acute inflammatory cells in tissues containing bacteria. The binding of these bacterial peptides to specific receptors on inflammatory cells triggers a number of biological responses such as aggregation, superoxide production, enzyme secretion, and chemotaxis (4-7). Histamine release from the basophil also can occur (8).The broad range of biological responses induced by these bacterial products is similar to the effects ofC5a, a complementderived anaphylatoxin, which appears to play a major role in mediating acute inflammatory reactions. In addition to having a variety of biological effects on the neutrophil (e.g., chemotaxis, aggregation, enzyme secretion, and superoxide production), C5a also possesses potent spasmogenic activity for smooth muscle derived either from the small intestine or from the lung (9-12).The current studies were designed to determine ifchemotactic formyl oligopeptides have spasmogenic activity for smooth muscle. As defined by guinea pig ileum contraction (13, 14), we will show that the formyl peptides are potent spasmogenic agents. Furthermore, structure-activity studies with various Nformylated peptides support the possibility that the contractile response results from the binding of the formyl peptides to a specific receptor.MATERIALS AND METHODS The N-formylated peptides used were: fMet-Leu-Phe from Sigma; fNle-Leu-Phe (Nle, norleucine), Met-Leu-Phe, fMetLeu-Phe-Phe, fMet-Leu-Glu, and fMet-Abu-Phe (Abu, aaminobutyric acid) from R. Freer (Dept. of Pharmacology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA); and Boc-PheLeu-Phe-Leu-Phe (Boc, tert-butoxycarbonyl) from Peninsula Laboratories (Belmont, CA). Substance P, acetylcholine, histamine, and diphenhydramine were purchased from Sigma.The terminal g...

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Histamine Release by Anaphylatoxin

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

The release of histamine and formation of a slow‐reacting substance (SRS‐A) during anaphylactic shock

The release of histamine and formation of a slow‐reacting substance (SRS‐A) during anaphylactic shock

Biochemical Mechanism of the Allergic Reaction

Spasmogenic activity of chemotactic N-formylated oligopeptides: identity of structure--function relationships for chemotactic and spasmogenic activities.

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