Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Markers for Human Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands: An Aid for Histopathologic Differentiation of Sweat Gland Tumors

Saga, Kenji

doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.00005.x

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Interestingly, in several trichoblastomas (4/28 cases, 14%) and trichoepitheliomas (2/19 cases, 11%), coexpression of CK8/18 was also found in tumor cells forming glandular structures. Recently, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) has been recognized as reliable marker of glandular epithelial cells of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in humans [17]. Further investigations using such antibody will confirm the differentiation of several canine follicular tumors into apocrine glands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunohistochemical Studies on Cytokeratin 8 and 18 Expressions in Canine Cutaneous Adnexus and Their Tumors

Kato

Uchida

Nibe

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The expressions of cytokeratin 8 and 18 (CK8 and CK18) in the normal canine skin (2 cases) and cutaneous adnexal tumors (127 cases) were investigated immunohistochemically. In the normal skin, co-expression of CK8/18 was found in the glandular epithelium of apocrine sweat glands, and single CK8-immunoreactivity was detected occasionally in the external root sheath at the isthmus and suprabulbar regions of the hair follicles. Neoplastic glandular epithelial cells in all apocrine gland tumors (21/21 cases, 100%) had co-expression of CK8/18. In trichoblastomas (27/28 cases, 96%), most neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for CK8, but those were negative for CK18. Single CK8-expression was also observed in basaloid neoplastic cells in several cases of trichoepitheliomas (7/19 cases, 37%) and pilomatricoma (1/7 cases, 14%). In several cases of trichoblastomas (4/28 cases, 14%) and trichoepitheliomas (2/19 cases, 11%), tumor cells forming glandular structures had co-expression of CK8/18. There were no positive reactions for both CK8 and 18 in infundibular keratinizing acanthomas, and sebaceous and hepatoid gland tumors. The present findings indicate that co-expression of CK8/18 is a specific feature of apocrine sweat glands and single CK8-expression represents the natures of external root sheath or pluripotential stem cells. Thus, the combination of CK8-and 18-immunostainings may have the utility to confirm the directions of differentiation in canine cutaneous adnexal tumors providing a reliable hallmark for histopathological diagnoses. The development of adnexa is result of an intimate interaction between basal and mesenchymal cells. Basal cells become the germinative cells of the hair follicle and mecenchymal cells become follicular papilla. Follicular stem cells are predominantly considered to be located in the specific region of the external root sheath, especially the bulge region, and are capable to give rise to the hair follicles, epidermis, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands [4]. Trichoblastoma is considered as benign tumor of hair germ cells. Most cases of basal cell tumors previously diagnosed in the domestic animals have been reclassified into trichoblastomas.Adnexal neoplasms sometimes have complex histological appearances because of their origin of the pluripotent stem cells. In human, several cases of trichoblastic tumors including trichoblastomas and trichoepitheliomas with complex adnexal differentiations such as apocrine sweat or sebaceous glands were reported [1, 5, 11, 13, 16-18, 20, 23, 26]. Canine adnexal tumors also have similar complex morphological natures, sometimes resulting in confused pathological diagnoses. To determine the useful diagnostic markers and evaluate the directions of differentiation in cutaneous adnexal tumors, several immunohistochemical analyses including cytokeratins (CKs) have been documented in humans [7,15,24,25]. CK8 and 18 are the intermediate filaments of single layer epithelium. CK8 and 18 were generally co-expressed in the glandular epithelium...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunohistochemical Studies on Cytokeratin 8 and 18 Expressions in Canine Cutaneous Adnexus and Their Tumors

Kato

Uchida

Nibe

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands is formed by tubules lined with a pseudostratified epithelium consisting of secretory small clear and large dark cells (Saga 2001). Small intercellular canaliculi are developed between them (Saga 2001). The MAb 80B258 labeled the apical surface of tubules ( Figures 3A, 3C, and 3E, black arrowheads) and the lateral membrane of cells forming intercellular canaliculi ( Figures 3A and 3C-3E, yellow arrowheads).…”

Section: Expression Of Prominin-1 In the Sweat Glands Of Axillamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Of Prominin-1 In the Sweat Glands Of Axillamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stem Cell Marker CD133 (Prominin-1) Is Expressed in Various Human Glandular Epithelia

Karbanová

Missol-Kolka

Fonseca

et al. 2008

J Histochem Cytochem.

129

126

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Human prominin-1 (CD133) is expressed by various stem and progenitor cells originating from diverse sources. In addition to stem cells, its mouse ortholog is expressed in a broad range of adult epithelial cells, where it is selectively concentrated in their apical domain. The lack of detection of prominin-1 in adult human epithelia might be explained, at least in part, by the specificity of the widely used AC133 antibody, which recognizes an epitope that seems dependent on glycosylation. Here we decided to re-examine its expression in adult human tissues, particularly in glandular epithelia, using a novel monoclonal antibody (80B258) generated against the human prominin-1 polypeptide. In examined tissues, we observed 80B258 immunoreactivity at the apical or apicolateral membranes of polarized cells. For instance, we found expression in secretory serous and mucous cells as well as intercalated ducts of the large salivary and lacrimal glands. In sweat glands including the gland of Moll, 80B258 immunoreactivity was found in the secretory (eccrine and apocrine glands) and duct (eccrine glands) portion. In the liver, 80B258 immunoreactivity was identified in the canals of Hering, bile ductules, and small interlobular bile ducts. In the uterus, we detected 80B258 immunoreactivity in endometrial and cervical glands. Together these data show that the overall expression of human prominin-1 is beyond the rare primitive cells, and it seems to be a general marker of apical or apicolateral membrane of glandular epithelia. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org . Please visit this article online to view these materials.

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“…The supposed marker protein MFG, a membrane-associated glycoprotein [16] , is mostly expressed at the luminal and lateral borders of cells within the eccrine coil. Therefore it seems that only the luminal cells express MFG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we tested different antibodies against cytoskeletal constituents [15] as well as against proteins described to be specifi c for the eccrine or apocrine gland [16] in order to better understand the structural diversity and complexity of axillary sweat glands. In parallel, the distribution of tight junction proteins in axillary sweat glands has been examined in order to locate possible barrier elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Sweat Glands an Alternate Penetration Pathway? Understanding the Morphological Complexity of the Axillary Sweat Gland Apparatus

Wilke¹,

Wepf²,

Keil³

et al. 2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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To build an effective barrier against the penetration of extrinsic agents is one of the skin’s main functions. The barrier properties of the stratum corneum and the epidermis have been subject to extensive studies in the past while the role of skin appendages as possible pathways of penetration are only rarely described. In order to study the possible penetration barriers in these complex appendages, a careful investigation of their morphology and ultrastructure has to be done. Studying the morphology of axillary skin appendages requires clear-cut criteria for the differentiation between eccrine, apocrine and apoeccrine glands. Therefore we studied the distribution of proteins described to be specific for either eccrine or apocrine glands (CD15, CD44, S-100 and milk fat globulin) on axillary skin samples from healthy young adults by immunofluorescence. Additionally, we examined the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins such as cytokeratins (1/10/11, 14, 18) and F-actin. For a more detailed understanding of the possible versatile barrier elements of the axillary sweat glands, we studied the distribution of tight-junction-associated proteins (occludin, claudin 1, claudin 4). The coils and the dermal duct may provide an active barrier built of tight junctions as occludin and claudin 4 are co-localized. However, the intra-epidermal duct did not show any co-localization of the investigated proteins. By combining morphological features as revealed by F-actin staining and the distribution of the above-mentioned proteins, immunocytochemical typing of eccrine and apocrine glands becomes possible. With this tool, we could also confirm the existence of apoeccrine glands and locate them in their ‘natural environment’.

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Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Markers for Human Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands: An Aid for Histopathologic Differentiation of Sweat Gland Tumors

Cited by 72 publications

References 36 publications

Immunohistochemical Studies on Cytokeratin 8 and 18 Expressions in Canine Cutaneous Adnexus and Their Tumors

Immunohistochemical Studies on Cytokeratin 8 and 18 Expressions in Canine Cutaneous Adnexus and Their Tumors

The Stem Cell Marker CD133 (Prominin-1) Is Expressed in Various Human Glandular Epithelia

Are Sweat Glands an Alternate Penetration Pathway? Understanding the Morphological Complexity of the Axillary Sweat Gland Apparatus

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