Histochemical and metabolic characteristics of human skeletal muscle in relation to age

Essén‐Gustavsson, Birgitta; Borges, O.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07793.x

Cited by 207 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, rising-from-chair motion in the intervention group of the present study improved both aspects of endurance and quickness, which is represented by the 86.0% improvement in maximum counts of continuous repetition and the 10.9% improvement in maximum count in 10 seconds. These results support the idea that regular exercise leads to improvement of both quickness and muscle strength in the elderly as mentioned by Fukunaga 14,15) , although quick motion which requires instantaneous force may cause injury since type I fiber (slow twitch fiber) is more greatly atrophied than type II fiber (fast twitch fiber) in the elderly in general [17][18][19] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of Exercise on the Improvement of the Physical Functions of the Elderly

Hara

Shimada

2007

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of exercise on the improvement of the physical functions of the elderly. Ten males and thirty-four females, 44 in total, living in or visiting health care facilities and special nursing homes for the elderly who were able to either walk independently or with walking aids were randomly divided into a treatment intervention group (TIG) and a control group (CG). The average age of the TIG was 84.4 ± 5.6 years old, and that of the CG was 85.6 ± 4.8 years old respectively. The training exercises of the TIG were standing up from a chair grasping parallel bars and raising arms with pet bottles 2 or 3 times a week for 6 months. In the TIG, increased mean values of each estimation parameter were recognized: muscle strength of upper and lower limbs, grip strength, thigh circumference, standing up, the movement of raising arms, walking time and number of steps for 10 m, Functional Reach Test and Timed up & Go Test. Moreover, significant differences between the TIG and the CG were found in each evaluation item (p<0.05). This study suggests that the continuation of light-load exercise is effective and imperative for the elderly to keep and improve their physical functions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of Exercise on the Improvement of the Physical Functions of the Elderly

Hara

Shimada

2007

J Phys Ther Sci

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“…Isolated type 2 fiber atrophy was observed in both sexes especially from the 6 th decade onwards. The preferential involvement of type 2 fibers in aging has been widely studied by numerous authors 2,4,11,15,16,18,20,21 . Type 2 fibers are involved in diverse circumstances as a secondary phenomenon like disuse atrophy, upper motor neuron lesions, myasthenia gravis and steroid therapy [22][23][24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of parameters of fiber size have been used by various investigators in their morphometric studies of muscle, particularly the cross-sectional area [1][2][3][4] and the lesser diameter [5][6][7][8] , or a combination of both 9,10 . It was also observed that most of the investigations on cross-sections of human skeletal muscle were made on the vastus lateralis and the available quantitative data were based on it [11][12][13] .…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of aging on biceps brachii muscle fibers: a morphometrical study from biopsies and autopsies

Mattiello-Sverzut

Chimelli

Moura

et al. 2003

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Objectives: In order to study the morphology and size of muscle fibers, cross sections of biceps brachii samples from autopsies, up to 9 hours after death, and biopsies of 72 subjects were compared. The subjects aged 13 to 84 years in both sexes. Methods: The samples obtained from autopsies (n=47) were from subjects with sudden death, or who died after acute disease without evidence of neuromuscular involvement. The biopsies (n=25) were from patients with symptoms suggestive of inflammatory or metabolic myopathy, not confirmed morphologically. The lesser diameter of muscle fibers was measured using the ATPase reaction. Results: Morphological analysis showed that aging changes were present from the sixth decade in autopsies, and consisted of atrophy and/or type-grouping. The statistical models adjusted for females in both autopsies and biopsies were linear straight with no variation in fiber size with increasing age. The models adjusted for males in both groups were quadratic, indicating that age influenced the size of different type fibers. In males type 2 were larger than type 1 fibers, and than fibers in females. Conclusions: These values might be useful as controls, helping interpretation of changes in fiber size in samples obtained from biopsies and autopsies.KEY WORDS: biceps brachii, morphometry, aging, autopsy, muscle biopsy.Efeitos do envelhecimento sobre as fibras do músculo biceps braquial: estudo morfométrico em biópsias e autópsias RESUMO -Objetivos: Para estudar a morfologia e o tamanho das fibras musculares, foram comparadas cortes transversos do bíceps braquial autopsiados, até 9 horas após o óbito, com biopsias musculares, em 72 indivíduos de ambos os sexos e idades entre 13 e 84 anos. Método: As amostras das autópsias (n=47) foram obtidas de indivíduos que morreram subitamente, ou após uma doença aguda sem evidência de comprometimento neuromuscular. As biópsias (n=25) foram obtidas de pacientes com sintomas sugestivos de miopatias inflamatória ou metabólica, não confirmadas morfologicamente. O diâmetro menor das fibras foi obtido usando a reação de ATPase. Resultados: A análise morfológica mostrou que as mudanças induzidas pelo envelhecimento estiveram presentes a partir da sexta década para autópsias e consistiu de atrofia e grupamento de tipo. O modelo estatístico ajustado para mulheres, para autópsias e biópsias, foi linear e não indicou variação do tamanho das fibras com o aumento da idade. O modelo ajustado para homens, para ambos os casos, foi quadrático, indicando que a idade influenciou o tamanho dos diferentes tipos de fibras. Para homens, as fibras tipo 2 apresentaram-se maiores que as de tipo 1, e maiores que as das mulheres. Conclusão: Os valores encontrados podem ser úteis como controles, auxiliando na interpretação de modificações no tamanho das fibras para amostras provindas de biópsia e autópsia.

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“…For instance, it has been demonstrated that aged tissues exhibit dysfunctional complex IV of the ETC. This alteration mainly affects the muscle because it requires more energy than most other tissues and is also one of the tissues most affected by aging (25). It has been recently demonstrated that the decline in oxidative capacity is the primary contributing factor to age-related muscle atrophy (88).…”

Section: Cr Prevents the Decline Of Oxidative Capacity With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Calorie Restriction

Martín-Montalvo

Cabo

2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Significance: Calorie restriction (CR) is a known intervention that delays most aging processes. Most of the beneficial effects of CR are mediated by improved maintenance of mitochondrial performance in aged individuals. The control of mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, and protein turnover is required for healthy aging. CR is able to induce molecular mechanisms that preserve oxidative capacity and decrease oxidative damage. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Published data indicate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1a) is activated in old animals under CR conditions compared to ad libitum counterparts, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Molecular regulation of PGC-1a has recently attracted significant research interest. We discuss the master regulators of energy metabolism such as AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuin 1 among others that have been demonstrated to activate mitochondrial biogenesis through increased PGC-1a activity at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Additionally, we describe the latest findings that explain how CR promotes mitochondrial efficiency and decreases mitochondrial-derived oxidative damage. Future Directions: Understanding the beneficial mitochondrial changes conferred by CR will aid design of therapies for age-related diseases and help slow the aging process. Given the difficulty for humans to adhere to CR, we also explore new molecules that have been proposed during the last years to mimic the CR phenotype and their potential as future therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19, 310-320.

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Histochemical and metabolic characteristics of human skeletal muscle in relation to age

Cited by 207 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Exercise on the Improvement of the Physical Functions of the Elderly

Effects of Exercise on the Improvement of the Physical Functions of the Elderly

The effects of aging on biceps brachii muscle fibers: a morphometrical study from biopsies and autopsies

Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Calorie Restriction

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