Histochemical and Morphometric Changes in Muscles of Stroke Patients

Slager, Ursula T.; Hsu, John D.; Jordan, Chris

doi:10.1097/00003086-198510000-00021

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Segura and Saligal [6], in a patient with hemiplegic atrophy, found evidence of a neurogenic process at mus cle biopsy. Similar morphological muscle changes were reported by Slager et al [9], who however related such findings to associated peripheral nerve or root damage. The present study agrees with the electrophysiological and morphological data previously reported in the litera ture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Muscle Rearrangement in Patients with Hemiparesis after Stroke: An Electrophysiological and Morphological Study

et al. 1993

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Skeletal muscle changes were evaluated in patients suffering from hemiparesis after stroke. Concentric needle EMG and single fiber EMG of the paretic gastrocnemius medialis muscle were performed. Maximal amplitude of H, T and M responses in calf muscles of both the affected and the unaffected sides were determined by usual electrophysiological techniques. Muscle biopsy of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of the affected side was performed to determine the distribution of fiber types and fiber sizes. Fibrillation activity and positive sharp waves occurred in paretic muscles in patients with more recent hemiparesis while the duration of motor unit potentials was prolonged in patients with long-lasting disease. The H/M ratio was increased on the paretic side. The percentage of type 1 fibers was augmented in most patients with normal mean diameter and low atrophy factor. The percentage of type 2 fibers was reduced with decreased mean diameters and with a high atrophy factor. Such changes may be related to inactivity or transsynaptic degeneration of type 2 motoneurons as a consequence of the interruption of the corticospinal tract. Increased percentage of type 1 fibers may be due to a collateral reinnervation process or a motor unit type transformation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Muscle Rearrangement in Patients with Hemiparesis after Stroke: An Electrophysiological and Morphological Study

et al. 1993

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“…The measured shift may indicate an increase in the proportion of active type I fibers to type II fibers, which could result from motor unit dysfunction, preferential atrophy of type II fibers and/or a denervation-reinnervation of fibers occurring over time. Some lower extremity studies, for example, point to preferential atrophy of type II fibers 11,12,37 which may be accompanied by type I hypertrophy 13 . However, contradicting these results, an increase in the proportion of fast twitch fibers has been observed in the paretic vastus lateralis muscle 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, a shift toward type I (slow twitch) muscle fibers from type II (fast twitch) fibers would decrease the ability of stroke survivors to generate force, particularly at high movement velocities. Indeed, some studies have suggested preferential atrophy of type II muscle fibers following stroke 10,22,12 and even show signs of type I hypertrophy in response to physical activity 13 . Similarly, Dattola and colleagues 3 observed an actual shift in the ratio of type I to type II fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle post-stroke suggesting a denervation-reinnervation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of muscle fiber conduction velocity during finger flexion and extension after stroke

Conrad

Qiu

Hoffmann

et al. 2017

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation

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Background Stroke survivors experience greater strength deficits during finger extension than finger flexion. Prior research indicates relatively little observed weakness is directly attributable to muscle atrophy. Changes in other muscle properties, however, may contribute to strength deficits. Objectives This study measured muscle fiber conduction velocity in a finger flexor and extensor muscle to infer changes in muscle fiber type after stroke. Methods Conduction velocity was measured using a linear EMG surface electrode array for both extensor digitorum communis and flexor digitorum superficialis in 12 stroke survivors with chronic hand hemiparesis and 5 control subjects. Measurements were made in both hands for all subjects. Stroke survivors had either severe (n=5) or moderate (n=7) hand impairment. Results Absolute muscle fiber conduction velocity was significantly lower in the paretic hand of severely impaired stroke patients compared to moderately impaired patients and healthy control subjects. The relative conduction velocity between the two hands, however, was quite similar for flexor muscles across all subjects and for extensor muscles for the neurologically intact control subjects. However, muscle fiber conduction velocity for finger extensors was smaller in in the paretic as compared to the non-paretic hand for both groups of stroke survivors. Conclusions One explanation for reduced conduction velocity may be a type II to type I muscle fiber, especially in extrinsic extensors. Clinically, therapists may use this information to develop therapeutic exercises targeting loss of type II fiber in extensor muscles.

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“…The contractile element of Hill's model is reflected in the different proportions of three fibers. However, the proportions change with muscle training, aging and atrophy of muscle by hemiplegia [19][20][21] . We distribute the proportion of the three fiber types into one-third each in all muscles in this model because it has been reported that the proportion was approximately one-third in skeletal muscles 18) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model simulation of FES for the treatment of shoulder subluxation

Iwami

Aizawa

Miyawaki

et al. 2009

2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science

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Recently, functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been applied for the treatment of the shoulder subluxation .The purpose of this study is to design a musculo-skeletal dynamic model for hemiplegic shoulder subluxation with which can perform FES effectively as well as the simulation of shoulder motion by FES.We installed the muscle models into the skeletal model. In this model, scapula and clavicle are fixed, and only gleno-humeral joint can move. We set up muscle activation, and stimulate deltoideus and supuraspinatus. As a result of simulation, we can confirm the reduction of shoulder subluxation.

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Histochemical and Morphometric Changes in Muscles of Stroke Patients

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Muscle Rearrangement in Patients with Hemiparesis after Stroke: An Electrophysiological and Morphological Study

Muscle Rearrangement in Patients with Hemiparesis after Stroke: An Electrophysiological and Morphological Study

Analysis of muscle fiber conduction velocity during finger flexion and extension after stroke

Model simulation of FES for the treatment of shoulder subluxation

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