Histochemical localization and X-ray microanalysis of calcium in the rat submandibular gland: demonstration of possible sites for microlith induction.

Role of microliths in the aetiology of chronic submandibular sialadenitis: a clinicopathological investigation of 154 cases

“…Although there is chronic stagnation of secretory material in completely obstructed glands, there is no increase of microliths or formation of liths 22,26,27 . This appears to relate to the loss of secretory granules rich in calcium in completely obstructed glands 22,[29][30][31] , whereas secretory granules rich in calcium persist in partially obstructed glands 28 and in the acini that are no more than moderately atrophic in chronic submandibular sialadenitis, although they are lost from the extremely atrophic acini 30 .…”

“…Intraglandular swelling is more likely to produce partial than complete obstruction, and partial but not complete obstruction has been found to produce calcification in salivary glands and the pancreas 21,22,[26][27][28] . The essential factor for glandular calcification is the stagnation of secretory material rich in calcium 21,24,25,[29][30][31] . Possibly in chronic submandibular sialadenitis there is intermittent stagnation of secretory material rich in calcium 30 in large interlobular ducts so that a nidus of calcification is formed that accretes to form a lith.…”

Distribution of non‐collagenous dentin matrix proteins and proteoglycans, and their relation to calcium accumulation in bisphosphonate‐affected rat incisors

“…In histological sections, however, it is not possible to precisely determine the lowest concentration of Ca that can be optically detected by GBHA because dierences in section thickness make a great dierence in density of Ca-GBHA reactions. In freeze-substituted and Epon-embedded 5-mm-thick sections of rat tissues, TAKANO et al (50) showed that the GBHA staining did not pick up any reactions within the blood vessels ®lled with blood plasma that contains approximately 3 mM/l of Ca (51). It thus appears safe to state that the GBHA-reactive sites of non-mineralized dentin matrix and predentin matrix as shown in this study contain higher concentrations of available Ca than that in the blood plasma, and that the DSP, OPN, or cuprolinic blue positive sites do not always contain available Ca beyond the detectable level.…”