Histochemistry. I. Ginsenosides in Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Root)

Kubo, Michinori; Tani, Tohru; Katsuki, Tadahisa; Ishizaki, Keishi; Arichi, Shigeru

doi:10.1021/np50008a006

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, it was shown in the study of Smith et al [36] that ginsenosides were present in all parts of the roots, although in highest concentrations in the periderm and cortical tissue. However, this is not in accordance with previous reports of Kubo et al [37], who concluded based on histochemical analysis that ginsenosides are mainly localized in the periderm and cortex region of Panax ginseng roots. This implies a reduction in the concentration of ginsenosides in large roots compared with smaller roots because smaller roots have more periderm and cortical tissue per total root weight than do larger roots.…”

Section: Correlation Between Root Weight and Content Of Ginsenosides contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been indicated that no direct relationship exists between the content of ginsenosides and PAs and the root FW, a conclusion that was based on a preliminary investigation of four individual roots from 6-year-old American ginseng plants grown under the same conditions [8]. In other studies it has, however, been indicated that content of ginsenosides increases with root weight of American ginseng [33,36] or may even decrease with increasing root weight as demonstrated for P. ginseng roots [37]. Hence, the correlation between root FW or size and content of bioactive constituents in ginseng is not well established and contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Biomass and content of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in American ginseng roots can be increased without affecting the profile of bioactive compounds

Christensen

Jensen

2008

J Nat Med

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Fifty selected roots from a 7-year-old American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) plant population grown in Denmark, with root weights varying from 191 to 490 g fresh weight (FW), were investigated for bioactive ginsenosides and polyacetylenes (PAs) in order to determine the correlation between the content of ginsenosides and PAs and root FW. PAs (falcarinol, panaxydol) and ginsenosides (Rb(1), Rb(2), Rb(3), Rc, Rd, Re, Rg(1)) were extracted from roots by sequential extraction with ethyl acetate and 80% methanol, respectively, and quantified in extracts by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using photodiode array detection. Total concentrations of PAs and ginsenosides varied between 150 and 780 mg/kg FW and 5,920 and 15,660 mg/kg FW, respectively. No correlation existed between the content of ginsenosides and PAs and root FW or between the total concentration of ginsenosides and PAs. Strong significant correlation was found between total content of ginsenosides and ginsenoside Rb(1) (r = 0.8190, P < 0.0001) and between total content of PAs and falcarinol (r = 0.9904, P < 0.0001). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that it is possible to select large American ginseng roots for increased biomass production and concentration of bioactive ginsenosides and PAs without affecting the profile of bioactive compounds. Ginsenoside Rb(1) and falcarinol were found to be important selection parameters for identifying superior genotypes with the highest content of bioactive compounds.

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Section: Correlation Between Root Weight and Content Of Ginsenosides contrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biomass and content of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in American ginseng roots can be increased without affecting the profile of bioactive compounds

Christensen

Jensen

2008

J Nat Med

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“…The saponin content of 1-or 2 year aged roots is also somewhat higher than that of White Ginseng (18,69). KUBO et al (74) further investigated these differences in saponin content and found that the saponins of Ginseng roots are localized outside the cambium, i. e., not in the xylem or pith but in the periderm and cortex. They mentioned that the peeling process for the production of White Ginseng results in a remarkable loss of the biologically active saponins and is therefore undesirable from the pharmaceutical point of view.…”

Section: Localization Of Saponins In Ginseng Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saponins of Ginseng and Related Plants

Tanaka

Kasai

1984

Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

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“…According to published data [5,7,11,12], comparative analysis of ginsenoside synthesis in different parts of the ginseng root (particularly the rhizome and side roots of different diameters) has demonstrated that ginsenoside contents in side roots can be several times greater than in the main root and rhizome of the same plant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are very few reports of comparative analysis of ginsenoside synthesis in different parts of ginseng roots and cultured cells obtained from them [7,9]. Segments of the main sixth-year root are usually used as explants for cultures [6,7,9], though in terms of their biosynthetic parameters, this is the least ginsenoside-rich part of the root [5,7,11,12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of ginsenosides in different root parts and cultured cells from Chinese ginseng

et al. 2008

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HPLC analysis of extracts of different parts of two six-year-old Panax ginseng (Ginseng & Tobacco Company, South Korea) plantation roots demonstrated the presence of seven detectable ginsenosides (Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rc, Rd, Rf, Rg 1 , and Re). The total contents were 1.16 and 0.64% for main roots, 4.00 and 4.60% for rhizomes, 6.79, 4.38% for side roots (d = 0.4 -0.5 cm), and 13.26 and 11.37 for fine roots (d = 0.1 -0.15 cm). Four new ginseng callus lines were originated from side and fine roots. HPLC analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the biomass after the first year of cultivation showed that all lines contained the full spectrum of ginsenosides (Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rc, Rd, Rf, Rg 1 , and Re), the total content of which varied from 0.2 to 0.4%. HPLC monitoring of these callus lines over five years of cultivation demonstrated gradual disappearance of glycosides Rb 2 , Rc, Rd, and Rf from the ginsenoside spectrum. Loose calluses growing in medium containing 0.5 and 0.2 mg/liter 6-benzylaminopurine were used to start suspension cultures L-1 and L-2, respectively. HPLC analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of glycosides in suspension cultures showed that both lines contained only ginsenosides Rb 1 , Rg 1 , and Re, with a predominance of R e ginsenoside. 32 0091-150X/08/4201-0032

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Histochemistry. I. Ginsenosides in Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Root)

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Biomass and content of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in American ginseng roots can be increased without affecting the profile of bioactive compounds

Biomass and content of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in American ginseng roots can be increased without affecting the profile of bioactive compounds

Saponins of Ginseng and Related Plants

Comparative analysis of ginsenosides in different root parts and cultured cells from Chinese ginseng

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