Histochemistry of Primate Laryngeal Muscles

Sahgal, Vinod; Hast, Malcolm H.

doi:10.3109/00016487409126356

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In particular, Teig et al (1978) reported that the TA, LCA, and IA have a high proportion of type II muscle fibers, the CT is a high proportion of type I muscle fibers, and the PCA has high-level oxidativeenzyme activity in its muscle fibers in the human. Sahgal and Hast (1974) reported various proportion of types; acid-labile ATPase activity, acid-resistance ATPase activity, and oxidative enzyme activity in the laryngeal muscles of Macaca mulatta. Electron myographical data also reflect the functions of the adductor muscles; the contraction of the thyrioarytenoid muscle are very fast (14 msec.…”

Section: Light Microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional properties of the muscles are related to the distribution of different types of enzymatic activity. However, the relative proportions of the various types of muscle fiber in the laryngeal muscles differ among species (e.g., rabbit, Hall-Craggs, 1968; rhesus monkey, Sahgal and Hast, 1974;cat, Hirose et al , 1969;Abo El-Enene, 1975;dog, Hartenson and Skoglund, 1964;Hast, 1967;macaque, Hast, 1969;human, Teig et al, 1978;Malmgren, 1981). In particular, Teig et al (1978) reported that the TA, LCA, and IA have a high proportion of type II muscle fibers, the CT is a high proportion of type I muscle fibers, and the PCA has high-level oxidativeenzyme activity in its muscle fibers in the human.…”

Section: Light Microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laryngeal muscles of mammals have various enzymatic profiles (e.g., rabbit, Hall-Craggs, 1968; Asmussen and Wohlrab, 1972; rhesus monkey, Sahgal and Hast, 1974 Teig et al , 1978;Malmgren, 1981). Electromyographic studies have demonstrated the differences in the grade and phase of laryngeal muscles during the respiration, phonation, and deglutition (cat, Hirose et al , 1969;Hast, 1969;dog, Mktensson and Skoglund, 196;Hast, 1969; rabbit, Hall-Graggs, 1968; gibbon, Hast 1969; squirrl monkey, Hast 1969; rhesus monkey, Sahgal and Hast, 1974;Hast, 1969; human, Teig et al, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Electromyographic studies have demonstrated the differences in the grade and phase of laryngeal muscles during the respiration, phonation, and deglutition (cat, Hirose et al , 1969;Hast, 1969;dog, Mktensson and Skoglund, 196;Hast, 1969; rabbit, Hall-Graggs, 1968; gibbon, Hast 1969; squirrl monkey, Hast 1969; rhesus monkey, Sahgal and Hast, 1974;Hast, 1969; human, Teig et al, 1978). The cited reports suggest differences and correlations between properties of enzymes and motor unit activity in each mammalian species.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Morphology of the Nerve Terminals of Laryngeal Muscles in the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata)

Sato

Shimada

Ezure

et al. 1995

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: Laryngeal muscles, namely, the cricothyroid (CT), lateral crico-arytenoid (LCA), thyrio-arytenoid (TA), posterior crio-arytenoid (PCA), interarytenoid (IA) muscles, of Japanese monkeys (body weight, 4.4-8.3 kg; 3-10 years old, male) were examined histologically and by light and scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of muscle fibres with nerve terminals in the CT of the Japanese monkey was larger than that of other laryngeal muscles. However, the areas of nerve terminals varied among laryngeal muscles. The mean diameters of nerve terminals of the CT and PCA were large and basically resembled those of other laryngeal muscles. They contribute mainly to maintenance of phonation which the adductor muscles contribute mainly to postural adjustments of the cartilage. The differences in features of nerve terminals of each muscle suggest the CT and PCA may contribute mainly to the frequency or pitch of voice and intensity of the voice during vocalization and to respiration.The laryngeal muscles of mammals have various enzymatic profiles (e.g

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Section: Light Microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light Microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Morphology of the Nerve Terminals of Laryngeal Muscles in the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata)

Sato

Shimada

Ezure

et al. 1995

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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“…A review of recent literature found few additional anatomical descriptions of cricothyroid muscle morphology but neither mentions the PIM [Edstrom et al, 1974;Rosenfield et al, 1982;Sanders, 1998]. Histologically and histochemically the PIM appears to be similar in every respect to the rest of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles [Sahgal and Hast, 1974;Zreunk et al, 1989]. PIM TI/TII ratio places it at the low end of intrinsic laryngeal muscles in terms of fiber size.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pars Interna/Media Anatomy and Histology in the Human Larynx

Charpied

2007

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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The pars interna/media (PIM) is a small muscle found in the human larynx that has not been successfully described in contemporary literature on laryngeal structure. The objective of this study was to describe the PIM’s anatomy in detail. Thirteen human larynges obtained from postmortem examination were cleaned and preserved. Exposure of the PIM was through a lateral disarticulation of the cricothyroid joint and reflection of the cricothyroid muscle and the thyroid lamina. In the human, the PIM was found to be strap-like in form and to have two bellies with attachments to the medial surface of the thyroid cartilage at the root of the inferior horn and anteriosuperior cricoid arch. It appears to be innervated by a middle division, vestibular branch, of the internal superior laryngeal nerve. The average fiber diameter is 40 µm. Its type 1-to-type 2 fiber ratio places it within the range of other intrinsic laryngeal muscles. A muscle spindle was identified in medial bundle at the PIM’s thyroid attachment. Thyroid medial surface attachment is within few millimeters of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage. These data show that the PIM is a robust muscle and deserves attention anatomically. Its orientation within the thyroid and nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve innervations of the human PIM may place it in the vocal fold tensor group rather than the laryngeal sphincter group. It is possible the PIM reports on cricothyroid distance and right versus left cricothyroid joint stresses. Electromyographic examination of the PIM in the Rhesus larynx may help elucidate its physiology to elaborate its human physiology.

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Morphologic and Histochemical Characteristics of Laryngeal Muscle

Rosenfield

Miller

Sessions

et al. 1982

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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\s=b\ Laryngeal muscle (LM) is highly specialized for phonation and sphincter activity. We queried whether this specialization is reflected in the structure of LM. We examined, using histochemical techniques, the structure of five LM from three men who died suddenly and who had no evidence of laryngeal disease. Compared with nonlaryngeal skeletal muscle, our specimens demonstrated moderate fibrosis, rounding of fibers, basophilia, and ragged red fibers that were shown to be mitochondria. In general, LM fibers are smaller, have more variability in size, and contain a greater percentage of histochemically type 1 fibers than limb skeletal muscles. These differences suggest that theories of motor control derived from studies of limb skeletal muscles may not apply to LM. (Arch Otolaryngol 1982;108:662-666) Laryngeal muscle (LM) is highly specialized for phonation and sphincter activity. One can learn more about the mechanism of laryngeal neuromuscular function by under¬ standing the histochemical and struc¬ tural properties of LM. Since LM is highly specialized, perhaps its mor¬ phologic and metabolic characteris¬ tics are unique. One can analyze aspects of LM morphology by employ¬ ing routine stains on microscopic sec¬ tion. One can further delineate meta¬ bolic function by analyzing the tissue with particular enzyme stains, ascer¬ taining where and to what extent the enzymes congregate. Few authors have investigated this realm. Teig and his colleagues' sought to analyze laryngeal enzymatic function by eval¬ uating myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) from the nondiseased side of laryngés from seven men who had unilateral laryngeal car¬ cinoma. Five of their patients had been treated with bleomycin sulfate and radiation therapy. Other au¬ thors24 evaluated motor end-plates and other factors of LM; all patients had had laryngeal carcinoma, and in many instances had received radia¬ tion treatment. To our knowledge, no study has yet been published that analyzed microscopic morphology and assays for enzymes in intrinsic LMs.In addition, the above studies evalu¬ ated human LM from diseased laryn¬ gés; local cancer and irradiation can cause histochemical changes in adja¬ cent muscle, even in the absence of tumor infiltration.5·6 We report a detailed histochemical analysis of intrinsic LMs in patients who had normal laryngés. METHODSLaryngés were removed from three adult male cadavers within six hours after death. Two subjects had suffered gunshot wounds; one had had a myocardial infarc¬ tion. All three had become acutely ill and were brought to a local emergency room, where they died. They had been ill less than 12 hours. In all cases, death was unrelated to any laryngeal trauma or dys¬ function.Following removal of the larynx, the LMs were carefully identified and dis¬ sected. The specimens were prepared according to the standard methods of Dubowitz and Brooke.5 As soon as possible after removal, the specimens were trimmed to remove any crushed or dam¬ aged tissue and embedded in 7% gum tragacanth directly on...

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Histochemistry of Primate Laryngeal Muscles

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Morphology of the Nerve Terminals of Laryngeal Muscles in the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata)

Morphology of the Nerve Terminals of Laryngeal Muscles in the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata)

The Pars Interna/Media Anatomy and Histology in the Human Larynx

Morphologic and Histochemical Characteristics of Laryngeal Muscle

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