Histologic changes associated with ultraviolet A-induced erythema in normal human skin

Gilchrest, Barbara A.; Soter, Nicholas A.; Hawk, J.L.M.; Barr, Robert M.; Black, Ann K.; Hensby, C.N.; Mallet, Anthony I.; Greaves, Malcolm W.; Parrish, John A.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70131-3

Cited by 104 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although UVA has a lower impact on humans than does UVB or UVC, long-term exposure to UVA can be harmful. 23 Therefore, for clinical applications, outdoor UV or UVA lamps at an intensity of 1 mW/cm 2,24 or the development of a visible light photocatalyst that reacts in indoor light is advisable. 24 In addition to studies undertaken to explore limitations in its light source, studies of the intraoral environment should be conducted to clarify fully the photocatalytic antibacterial effect and its potential clinical applications in the orthodontic field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Antibacterial Effect of TiO2 Film of TiAg on Streptococcus mutans

Choi

Chung

Oh³

et al. 2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To test through various oxidation procedures the differences in antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans (S mutans) of Titanium (Ti) and Titanium silver (TiAg) metals coated with TiO 2 . Materials and Methods: This study examined the photocatalytic antibacterial effects on S mutans of Ti and TiAg ubstrates coated with two crystalline forms of TiO 2 by thermal and anodic oxidation. A bacterial suspension of S mutans was pipetted onto TiO 2 -coated metal specimens and uncoated specimens with ultraviolet A (UVA) illumination for 20 to 100 minutes. The same specimen without UVA was used as the control. The level of colony-forming units of S mutans after UVA illumination was compared with that of the control. Results: The level of colony-forming units of S mutans was significantly lower on TiO 2 -coated Ti and TiAg metal specimens after UVA illumination than on uncoated Ti and TiAg specimens. The level of colony-forming units of S mutans was significantly lower on the metals coated by anodic oxidation than on those coated by thermal oxidation. The TiO 2 coating on TiAg had a significantly higher and more rapid antibacterial effect than did the TiO 2 coating on Ti. Conclusions:The antibacterial effect of a TiO 2 film formed by anodic oxidation was superior to that formed by thermal oxidation. The addition of Ag to the Ti specimen indicated a synergistic effect on the photocatalytic antibacterial property against S mutans. (Angle Orthod. 2009;79: 528-532.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Antibacterial Effect of TiO2 Film of TiAg on Streptococcus mutans

Choi

Chung

Oh³

et al. 2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…Besides the well-known corial effects of UVA 1 [7, 12, 13], UVA and UVB irradiation have promoted cellular degeneration and apoptosis of epidermal cells. While severe damage leads to coagulative necrosis of cells, less toxic damage causes a fibrillary degeneration with consequent apoptosis of the degenerated cells [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Shift of Apoptotic and Unaltered Melanocytes into the Dermis after Irradiation with UVA 1

Bacharach-Bühles

Lubowietzki²,

Altmeyer³

1999

Dermatology

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Background: Intense UVA irradiation induces an increase in number, size and activity of intraepidermal melanocytes. The number of melanocytes and the activity of melanogenesis return to normal after cessation of irradiation. Objective: In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of reduction of melanocytes by apoptosis to prevent an uncontrolled increase in melanocytes within the epidermis. Methods: The position of the melanocytes before and after UVA 1 irradiation was controlled by electronmicroscopy and histochemistry using Fontana-Masson staining. The status of apoptosis was demonstrated immunohistologically by the use of p53 and bcl2. Results: A dose-dependent shift of melanocytes into the corium could be demonstrated. At low irradiation doses (20 J/cm²) pendulous melanocytes protrude into the dermis without losing contact to the dermoepidermal basement membrane. Higher irradiation doses (60 J/cm²) lead to a total elimination of fibrillary degenerated, apoptotic or even morphologically intact melanocytes into the corium. Once transported into the corium, the melanocytes can be detected there for more than 4 years. Conclusion: This shift mechanism seems to regulate and control UV-induced proliferation of epidermal melanocytes.

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“…Double-staining experiments ruled out that the IL-4 expression was induced in resident cutaneous cells, such as T cells, mast cells, or NK cells; all known to possess the capacity to synthesize IL-4 (18). For several reasons, we believe that the UVBinduced IL-4 ϩ cells are neutrophils: 1) neutrophils are able to produce IL-4 (19); 2) the IL-4 ϩ cells coexpress CD11b and CD15, but not CD36; 3) they have a multilobed nucleus; 4) IL-4 expression is associated with the neutrophil marker elastase, as indicated by serial section staining and distribution pattern; 5) neutrophils are well known to infiltrate human and murine skin after exposure to an erythemogenic dose of UVB or UVA (8,9,20,21); 6) the time course of infiltration of the IL-4 ϩ cells matches perfectly the infiltration kinetics of polymorphonuclear leukocytes upon UV irradiation, as reported by others (8,9,22). Although macrophages also express CD11b and infiltrate UVB-irradiated skin, they are improbable candidates for the IL-4 ϩ cells because of the presence of CD36 and the absence of CD15.…”

Section: Figure 6 Depletion Of Cd15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet B Radiation Induces a Transient Appearance of IL-4+ Neutrophils, Which Support the Development of Th2 Responses

Teunissen

Pişkin

Nuzzo

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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UVB irradiation can cause considerable changes in the composition of cells in the skin and in cutaneous cytokine levels. We found that a single exposure of normal human skin to UVB induced an infiltration of numerous IL-4+ cells. This recruitment was detectable in the papillary dermis already 5 h after irradiation, reaching a peak at 24 h and declining gradually thereafter. The IL-4+ cells appeared in the epidermis at 24 h postradiation and reached a plateau at days 2 and 3. The number of IL-4+ cells was markedly decreased in both dermis and epidermis at day 4, and at later time points, the IL-4 expression was absent. The IL-4+ cells did not coexpress CD3 (T cells), tryptase (mast cells), CD56 (NK cells), and CD36 (macrophages). They did coexpress CD15 and CD11b, showed a clear association with elastase, and had a multilobed nucleus, indicating that UVB-induced infiltrating IL-4+ cells are neutrophils. Blister fluid from irradiated skin, but not from control skin, contained IL-4 protein as well as increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. In contrast to control cultures derived from nonirradiated skin, a predominant type 2 T cell response was detected in T cells present in primary dermal cell cultures derived from UVB-exposed skin. This type 2 shift was abolished when CD15+ cells (i.e., neutrophils) were depleted from the dermal cell suspension before culturing, suggesting that neutrophils favor type 2 T cell responses in UVB-exposed skin.

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Histologic changes associated with ultraviolet A-induced erythema in normal human skin

Cited by 104 publications

References 18 publications

Photocatalytic Antibacterial Effect of TiO2 Film of TiAg on Streptococcus mutans

Photocatalytic Antibacterial Effect of TiO2 Film of TiAg on Streptococcus mutans

Dose-Dependent Shift of Apoptotic and Unaltered Melanocytes into the Dermis after Irradiation with UVA 1

Ultraviolet B Radiation Induces a Transient Appearance of IL-4+ Neutrophils, Which Support the Development of Th2 Responses

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