Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of rat soft tissue response to bioceramical implants

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue response induced by bioceramical materials (BCM) implanted in rat subcutaneous tissue. Thirty two rats were assigned to 6 groups, as following: control group i.e. not treated; dental ceramic (DC) implants; alfa tricalcium phosphate synthetised at 22 MPa (αTCP22) and at 45 MPa (αTCP45); hydroxyapatite synthetised at 22 MPa (HAP22) and at 45 MPa (HAP45). Contra lateral sides of all test animals represented the blank control surgically incisied at the paravertebral sockets. The experimental groups received subcutaneous implants of the test BCM materials. Samples were collected after 14 days and processed histologically. Inflammatory reactions were noted microscopically. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of lymphocytes, polimorphonuclears, macrophages and mastocytes. At same time there were signs of increased fibrosis around the graft places. In conclusion, the implant sides compared with surgical incision wounds induced a foreign body-type granuloma with subsequent fibrosis around the grafts. The presence of a capsule at the interface with BCM in rat subcutis did not elicit any remarkable immune responses, thus being considered biocompatible. By evaluating different responses according to BCM, the most intense tissue reaction was noticed at HAP45, graded as severe, and mild to moderate for DC, HAP22 and alfa tricaltium phosphate

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Erythroxylum cuneatum alkaloid leaf extract

“…The stained slides were selected randomly and captured under magnification 200X using digital image analyzer. The scoring the tissues was conducted according to the methods described by Danica [17] with little modifications for grading of the tissues. The scores for inflammation were defined as: 0 ¼ no inflammation, 1 ¼ mild inflammation, 2 ¼ moderate inflammation and 3 ¼ severe inflammation.…”

Effect of Dehydrothermal Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Plaster of Paris–CaCO3 Hydrogel Loaded With Cinnamaldehyde for Biomedical Purposes

“…Subcutaneous implantation represents a common model for examination of biomaterial characteristics. [35][36][37] After 2 weeks' implantation, the tissue reaction showed a good response to all specimens. Figure 3 shows the histological pictures post subcutaneous implantation.…”

“…This may be a criterion of implant compatibility. 35 The interface qualitatively showed that there were scattered foci of macrophages and foreign body cells surrounding the implant for all groups (score 3). Macrophages were the dominant cell type at the implant surface, playing a major role in cellular responses and tissue reaction.…”

Macrophages, the main marker in biocompatibility evaluation of new hydrogels after subcutaneous implantation in rats

“…In our study, it was reported that the tissue response parameters, tissue damage degree, and duration of tissue recovery around the implant are significantly statistically lower comparing to the tissue inflammatory reaction at the surgical incision site (pseudooperation). 11,13 Macrophages are the basic parameter of these tissue changes, and their number rises in the chronic phases of the wound healing process. 55 Collagenation, encapsulation, and magnification of tissue macrophages are indicators of a receding tissue reaction and its gradual recovery and healing.…”

“…The evaluations include the foreign body reaction (FBR), inflammation, encapsulation, and the accumulation of macrophages in the periimplant zone. 11,13,17,18 Evaluation of any new PVA biomaterials for wound dressing requires analysis of the tissue reaction to the implanted material. 5,[19][20][21][22][23] The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into polymer hydrogels increases their antimicrobial activity, 14,[24][25][26][27][28][29] while the incorporation of graphene (Gr) improves mechanical properties.…”