Histological changes and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles with different copper concentrations

Effect of copper on survival, osmoregulation, and gill structures of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, de Man) at different development stages

“…Li et al (2007) reported that exposure to copper concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.4 mg Cu L À1 for 7 d resulted in profound structural changes including the accumulation of hemocytes in the hemocoelic space, swelling and fusion of the lamellae, abnormal gill tips, hyperplastic, necrotic, and clavate-globate lamellae in the gills of M. rosenbergii. Similar histological damages had been observed in other crustaceans exposed to various heavy metals (Lawson et al 1995;Soegianto et al 1999;Frias-Espericueta et al 2008;Wu et al 2009). They demonstrated that a blackened appearance of the gill, an increased number of nephrocytes in gill filaments, hyperplasia of the gill, swelling of gill filaments, necrosis of gill cells resulting in narrowed or obstructed hemolymphatic lacuna at gill tips, abnormal dilation of the lacuna of the filaments, loss of regular structure of the epithelium, the appearance of a space between the cuticle and the epithelial cells, disorganization of gill organelles and even fragmentation of nuclei within gill cells could be observed when crustaceans were exposed to different levels of metals.…”

“…In crustaceans, gills are important organs of respiration as well as of osmoregulation (Mantel & Farmer 1983;Romano & Zeng 2012). Osmoregulatory organs, particularly gills, can be damaged by copper as demonstrated in some crustacean species after exposure to different levels of copper (Lawson et al 1995;Soegianto et al 1999;Li et al 2007;Frias-Espericueta et al 2008). Osmoregulation of crustaceans could therefore potentially be altered by copper.…”

Relationships between copper and stress indicators in the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

“…This response cannot, therefore, be considered as dose dependent, at least within the experimental range used in our Note: Equal or common letters indicate lack of significant differences (two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test, a ≤ ab ≤ b and a < b < c < d < e < f). (Frías-Espericueta et al 2008) and it is particularly higher than the 5.0 mg L −1 reported for L. vannamei in Taiwan (Yeh et al 2004). This might be due to different histories of previous exposure to Cu-rich diets or to Cu-based antimycotic or antibacterial compounds, which, according to information obtained in the case of postlarvae in a local commercial hatchery may range in concentration from 10 to 56 μg g −1 and between 0.1 and 890 μg g −1 , respectively, with a total daily exposure of 3.9 ng postlarva −1 (Perea-Juárez 2015).…”

“…Mean mortalities (in %, ±SD) of L. vannamei after 5, 48, and 96 h of exposure to four concentrations (mg L −1 ) of copper. to high Cu concentrations of this species (Frías-Espericueta et al 2008) and that all experimental concentrations were below lethal levels (Table 1). There were no time-related differences in clotting times, and the values obtained in the control shrimp and in those with 0.03 and 0.37 mg L −1 of Cu were not significantly different, while those found with 3.73 and 18.65 mg L −1 of Cu were significantly higher than the remaining treatments after 5 and 48 h of exposure.…”

Expression Profile of Antioxidant Enzymes in Hemocytes from Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Exposed to an Elevated Level of Copper

“…damaged the structure of gills and hepatopancreas both in shrimp and prawn (Li et al 2006;Frías-Espericueta et al 2008). Additionally, exposure to heavy metals is known to induce oxidative stress in many organisms.…”