Histological Evaluation of Porous Additive-Manufacturing Titanium Artificial Bone in Rat Calvarial Bone Defects

Abstract

Jaw reconstruction using an additive-manufacturing titanium artificial bone (AMTAB) has recently attracted considerable attention. The synthesis of a titanium artificial bone is based on three-dimensional computed tomography images acquired before surgery. A histological evaluation of porous AMTAB (pAMTAB) embedded in rat calvarial bone defects was conducted. This study examined three groups: rats implanted with mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB, rats implanted with untreated pAMTAB, and rats with no implant. In both pAMTAB groups, bone defects were created in rat calvarial bones using a 5-mm trephine bar, followed by pAMTAB implantation. The pAMTAB was fixed to the defect using the fitting force of the surrounding bones. The rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after implantation, and the skull was dissected. Undecalcified ground slides were prepared and stained with Villanueva Goldner. Compared with the no implant control group, both pAMTAB groups exhibited new bone formation inside the defect, with greater bone formation in the mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB group than in the untreated pAMTAB group, but the difference was not significant. These data suggest that pAMTAB induces bone formation after implantation in bone defects. Bone formation appears to be enhanced by prior mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB.

Early radiographic osseointegration of a novel highly porous 3D-printed titanium collar for megaprostheses compared to a previous generation smooth HA-coated collar

“…On the contrary, Tanzer et al did not observe bone ingrowth at the porous-coated shoulder of explanted prostheses histologically but fibrous tissue was found which is also capable of providing additional stability [10,17]. Preclinical studies have shown that additive-manufactured titanium, as also used in the here studied 3D-printed collars, promotes novel bone formation and exhibits biomechanical properties comparable to cancellous bone [18][19][20].…”

Structures, Properties, and Bioengineering Applications of Alginates and Hyaluronic Acid

“…With the advent of different biomaterials, bone and cartilage tissue engineering have received a lot of attention. The main goal of bone tissue engineering is to prepare a material that can be used for cellular remodeling by the body itself after artificial introduction of a bone defect [84]. Despite considerable progress in the development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications, there are still some barriers to clinical translation.…”

Skull Thickness Calculation Using Thermal Analysis and Finite Elements

“…However, the thickness of the skull bones has been evaluated in two-dimensional limited sections on the basis of computed tomography (CT) scan slices [10,11]. Another way to obtain thickness measurements is to create a three-dimensional (3D) model of the skull bone [12]. Modeling was performed on the basis of MRI data, which allowed the skull shape to be reconstructed, but this method also was not able to take into account the inner surface, and the skull thickness could not be evaluated at the desired level [13].…”