Histological evaluation of the regenerative potential of a novel treated dentin matrix hydrogel in direct pulp capping

Abstract

Objectives To produce a novel injectable treated dentin matrix hydrogel (TDMH) to be used as a novel pulp-capping agent for dentin regeneration compared with Biodentine and MTA. Materials and methods Thirty intact fully erupted premolars scheduled to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were included. Pulps were mechanically exposed in the middle of the cavity floor. TDMH was composed of TDM powder (500-μm particle size) and sodium alginate as an injectable scaffold. The capped teeth were divided into three equal groups (n = 10): TDMH, Biodentine, and MTA respectively. Clinical examination and assessment of periapical response were performed. The teeth were extracted after 2-weeks and 2-month intervals, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and categorized by using a histologic scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.05). Results All teeth were vital during observation periods. Histological analysis after 2 months showed complete dentin bridge formation and absence of inflammatory pulp response with no significant differences between groups. However, the formed dentin was significantly thicker with the TDMH group with layers of well-arranged odontoblasts that were found to form a homogenous tubular structure with numerous dentinal tubule lines showing a positive trend to dentin regeneration. Conclusions TDMH could achieve dentin regeneration and conservation of pulp vitality and might serve as a feasible natural substitute for silicate-based cements in restoring in vivo dentin defect in direct pulp-capping procedure. Trial registration PACTR201901866476410

Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental and Alveolar Bone Tissues Regeneration: An Innovative Scope Review

“…An extract [ 19 , 22 , 54 , 63 , 74 ] was obtained through soaking particles of 1 g in 5 ml saline [ 19 ], adding particles of 20 g to 100 ml DMEM/F12 and filtered using a 0.22 μm filter [ 22 ], reconstituting particles of 0.5 g to 1 mg/ml tris-buffered saline and sterile filtered through a 0.22-µm filter [ 54 ], or by adding granules of 10 mg to 1 ml α-MEM and then the extract was diluted to 1 mg/ml, or used as 10 mg/ml [ 63 ]. Hydrogel [ 21 ] was prepared by dispersing particles measuring 350–500 µm in 0.125 g sodium alginate solution in a 1:1 ratio and then dripped into 5% (w/v) sterile CaCl 2 solution. The paste form [ 29 ] was prepared by mixing a powder of DDM with particle size less than 76 µm to aqueous extract of DDM with a volume ratio of 1:1.…”

“…Human-derived particles used for preparing liquid extracts were demineralized with 17%, 10%, and 5% EDTA with two different time frames as 5 min, 5 min, 10 min [ 22 ], 30 min, 30 min, 30 min [ 74 ] and in addition, porcine-derived particles used for the same purpose were exposed for 30 min each [ 74 ]. Hydrogel was prepared by incorporating human-derived particles demineralized with 17%, 10%, and 5% EDTA for 10 min, 10 min and 5 min [ 21 ], respectively, in sodium alginate solution. Moreover, human and porcine-derived particles used to prepare paste form were demineralized with 17%, 10%, and 5% EDTA for 10 min, 10 min, and 5 min [ 29 ], respectively.…”

Treated dentin matrix induces odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

“…Specific tissue-derived extracellular matrix can be used as a culture substrate, under which cells can proliferate and differentiate into the parent tissue [ [21] , [38] , [39] ]. As an extracellular matrix material, TDM extract is rich in growth factors, such as transforming growth factor β, DMP-1 and DSPP, which can induce odontogenic differentiation of stem cells [ 8 , [9] , [36] , [37] ]. To study the TDM-induced odontogenic inducement of hDPSCs, we tested a series of TDM concentrations (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%).…”

Hydrogels and Dentin–Pulp Complex Regeneration: From the Benchtop to Clinical Translation

“…Therefore, it could serve as a carrier for exogenous stem cells due to its high compatibility [ 247 ]. Additionally, the injectable human-treated dentin matrix and alginate have demonstrated potential as pulp-capping agents clinically [ 248 ]. Studies discussing natural hydrogels used for dentin-pulp complex regeneration are summarized in Table 1 .…”

“…This scaffold showed no difference compared with Biodentin and the mineral trioxide aggregate when used as direct pulp capping materials clinically and histologically. However, there was a difference in the thickness and quality of the hard tissue formed on the exposed pulps with human-treated dentin matrix, showing a positive tendency for dentin regeneration and conservation of pulp vitality [ 248 ].…”