Histological features of the vomeronasal organ in the giraffe, <i>Giraffa camelopardalis</i>

Kondoh, Daisuke; Nakamura, Kentaro G; Ono, Yurie S.; Yuhara, Kazutoshi; Bando, Gen; Watanabe, Kenichi; Horiuchi, Noriyuki; Kobayashi, Yoshiyasu; Sasaki, Motoki; Kitamura, Nobuo

doi:10.1002/jemt.22843

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…; Kondoh et al. ) possesses either PAS‐positive and AB‐positive secretory cells of the vomeronasal glands (cow, sheep and giraffe) or PAS‐positive and AB‐negative secretory cells (cat, horse, lemur and vole), in addition to goblet cells. Wallaby possesses only PAS‐positive and AB‐negative glands, although a few cells do react to AB (Schneider et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soft tissue of the VNO in mammals is generally covered by cartilage, although that in rodents (Taniguchi & Mochizuki, 1983;Mendoza, 1993) is surrounded by bone capsule. The vomeronasal cartilage of ungulates (Salazar et al 1995;Besoluk et al 2001;Park et al 2014;Kondoh et al 2017b) completely or roughly surrounds the soft tissue components (O-shaped cartilage), whereas that of platyrrhini primates (Smith et al 2011) and marsupials (Poran, 1998;Schneider et al 2008) does not entirely cover it (Jshaped capsule). In carnivores (Salazar et al 1995) and bats (Cooper & Bhatnager, 1976), the cartilage types (O-or Jshaped capsules) vary according to species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present histological, histochemical and ultrastructual findings show that the bear VNO possesses three types of secretory cells: PAS-positive and AB-negative secretory cells of vomeronasal glands, PAS-positive and AB-positive multicellular intraepithelial gland cells and goblet cells. The VNO of most mammals that have been investigated (Salazar et al 1996(Salazar et al , 1997Roslinski et al 2000;Ibrahim et al 2013;Lee et al 2016;Kondoh et al 2017b) possesses either PASpositive and AB-positive secretory cells of the vomeronasal glands (cow, sheep and giraffe) or PAS-positive and ABnegative secretory cells (cat, horse, lemur and vole), in addition to goblet cells. Wallaby possesses only PAS-positive and AB-negative glands, although a few cells do react to AB (Schneider et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and histological features of the vomeronasal organ in the brown bear

Tomiyasu

Kondoh

Sakamoto³

et al. 2017

Journal of Anatomy

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The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a peripheral receptor structure that is involved in reproductive behavior and is part of the vomeronasal system. Male bears exhibit flehmen behavior that is regarded as the uptake of pheromones into the VNO to detect estrus in females. However, the morphological and histological features of the VNO in bears have not been comprehensively studied. The present study investigated the properties and degree of development of the VNO of the brown bear by histological, histochemical and ultrastructural methods. The VNO of bears was located at the same position as that of many other mammals, and it opened to the mouth like the VNO of most carnivores. The shape of the vomeronasal cartilages and the histological features of the sensory epithelium in the bear VNO were essentially similar to those of dogs. Receptor cells in the VNO of the bear possessed both cilia and microvilli like those of dogs. The dendritic knobs of receptor cells were positive for anti-G protein alpha-i2 subunit (G ) but negative for anti-G protein alpha-o subunit indicating preferential use of the V1R-G pathway in the vomeronasal system of bears, as in other carnivores. The VNO of the bear possessed three types of secretory cells (secretory cells of the vomeronasal gland, multicellular intraepithelial gland cells and goblet cells), and the present findings showed that the secretory granules in these cells also had various properties. The vomeronasal lumen at the middle region of the VNO invaginated toward the ventral region, and this invagination contained tightly packed multicellular intraepithelial gland cells. To our knowledge, this invagination and intraepithelial gland masses in the VNO are unique features of brown bears. The VNO in the brown bear, especially the secretory system, is morphologically well-developed, suggesting that this organ is significant for information transmission in this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and histological features of the vomeronasal organ in the brown bear

Tomiyasu

Kondoh

Sakamoto³

et al. 2017

Journal of Anatomy

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“…The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is mentioned in the chapter Respiratory system, in the part concerning the histological description of the nasal cavity. The VNO is a specialized organ, which forms an integral supportive part of the olfaction of many animal species for example in brown bear (Tomiyasu et al 2017), horse (Lee et al 2016), giraffe (Kondoh et al 2017), or even in mouse (Aland et al 2016;Salazar et al 2016) and reptiles (Mangiacotti et al 2019). It is believed that the main function of vomeronasal organ is to regulate various behavioral aspects of intraspecies interaction by facilitating the detection of pheromones.…”

Section: Vomeronasal Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoological terms in the human histological nomenclature Terminologia Histologica. What we think, what we know, and what we think we know

et al. 2019

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Terminology in morphological and zoological sciences is enormously important. Proper denomination of individual structures of the animal / human body from the microscopic point of view has an irreplaceable role in unambiguous understanding and communication among scientists regardless of their field of expertise. The year 2008 can be considered a crucial year in the developing of internationally accepted histological terminology, because it was the year when the first internationally renowned human histology nomenclature Terminologia Histologica was published. The current version of the Terminologia Histologica contains also the description of many microscopic organs and structures whose presence in different animal species is widely accepted, however their presence in humans is disputable. Typical examples are the haemal lymph nodes and haemal nodes, mentioned in the chapter Lymphoid organs which are secondary lymphoid organs found in many different mammalian species, but also in some birds. They are capable of performing haematopoietic and immunological functions but in the absence of lymphatic system pathology, no structures resembling haemal nodes / haemal lymph nodes have been detected in humans. Neurohaemal organs are mentioned within the chapter Endocrine system. Neurohaemal organs are known by different names, depending on the animal species studied, e.g. corpora allata or abdominal perisympathetic organs. To this date, these structures have been described in many different invertebrate species, but neurohaemal organs are also found in some lower vertebrates, in which the neurohaemal organ is referred to as "urophysis". According to our opinion, structures called neurohaemal organs in invertebrates are counterparts to circumventricular organs found in vertebrates, but cannot be named as such. Another somewhat controversial term mentioned in human histological nomenclature is the vomeronasal organ mentioned in the chapter Respiratory system. It is a specialized organ, which forms an integral supportive part of the olfaction of many mammalian species and reptiles. It is believed that the main function of vomeronasal organ is to regulate various behavioral aspects of intraspecies interaction by facilitating the detection of pheromones. The function and even existence of the vomeronasal organ in humans is a source of significant dispute among researchers. Some of them stated that vomeronasal organ disappears during fetal development, with except the vomeronasal duct. On the other hand, there are also authors who concluded that the vomeronasal organ is definitely present in adult humans. Similarly disputable question is the presence of multinucleated plasmodia in human body. This opinion article aims to open a wide scientific discussion concerning the importance and aptness of the inclusion of these terms in the human histological nomenclature despite they are probably exclusively zoological.

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“…In the tammar wallaby this mechanism is described as "..to be achieved through dilatation and contraction of two large blood vessels on opposite sides of the VNO through pulsation of the blood or regulation of the blood supply" (Schneider et al, 2008). A similar mechanism is described in the cow (Salazar et al, 2008) and in the giraffe, whereby in the giraffe a specific secondary pump consisting of numerous thinwalled vessels located immediately beneath the epithelia is described (Kondoh et al, 2017). Amphibia are exposed to air-and water-borne odorants and pheromones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microvascular Anatomy of Olfactory and Accessory Olfactory (Vomeronasal) Organs in Adult Xenopus laevis : Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Corrosion Casts

Lametschwandtner

Minnich

2018

Int. J. Morphol.

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Microvascular anatomy and histomorphology of olfactory and vomeronasal organs in adult Xenopus laevis Daudin were studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and paraplast embedded stained serial tissue sections. Results show that the arterial supply is bilaterally by terminal arterioles of the medial branch of the nasal artery and by the palatal artery. Arterioles give rise to a capillary meshwork characteristic for respiratory surfaces in principal chambers and in dorsal and caudal areas of middle chambers. Anterior and inferior areas of the middle chambers own a distinctly different capillary network with conspicuous short capillary loops. Loops have a dilated tip and extend in acute angles towards the chamber lumen. The vomeronasal organ (VNO) locates beneath the olfactory organ. It has a medial to lateral extension and attaches with its caudal circumference to the medial nasal glands. Its capillary bed displays rectangular meshes which preferentially orientate along the long axis of the VNO. Locally, capillaries form short hairpin-like or strongly twisted loops with dilated tips which point towards the lumen of the VNO. These capillaries slowdown blood velocity and may lead to an increased exchange of oxygen, nutrients and water-borne odorants in the middle chambers and of pheromones in the VNO. In the latter vascular structures are present which might serve as a vascular pump.

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Histological features of the vomeronasal organ in the giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Morphological and histological features of the vomeronasal organ in the brown bear

Morphological and histological features of the vomeronasal organ in the brown bear

Zoological terms in the human histological nomenclature Terminologia Histologica. What we think, what we know, and what we think we know

Microvascular Anatomy of Olfactory and Accessory Olfactory (Vomeronasal) Organs in Adult Xenopus laevis : Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Corrosion Casts

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