“…The presence of a stressor during development may be related to the increasing rate of embryonic malformation regardless of the malformation type (Westernhagen, 1988). Numerous studies have shown temperature and salinity out of the species specific optimal range (Westernhagen, 1988), thermal shocks (Owusu-Frimpong and Hargreaves, 2000), hypoxic conditions (Gercken et al, 2006), extreme pH (Arbuatti et al, 2011), chemical compounds such as triphenyltin (Zhang et al, 2008), heavy metals (Jezierska et al, 2009) and aromatic, chlorinated and petroleum hydrocarbons (Westernhagen, 1988) may cause polyembriyony in fish eggs.…”