Histological Study of Adrenal Gland In Case Of Suicidal Deaths

Patra, Sarat Kumar; Rath, Satyajeet; Dutta, B.; Mohapatra, Chinmayi; Mishra, Gargee; Sahu, Ranjit; Padhi, Pradeep Kumar; Panda, Rasmita; Prusty, J.S

doi:10.9790/0853-13813036

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In addition, congested blood sinusoids were found in the CPZ-treated rats. This finding correlated with the findings obtained by other researchers in this concern, who explained the congested sinusoids as a result of increased vascular demand to accommodate for the increased endocrine activity and hormonal secretions of the adrenal cortex in response to stress (Patra et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Histological and ultrastructural study on the pathogenicity of the fungicide cyproconazole and the probable protective influence of fennel oil extract on the adrenal cortex of adult rats

Aboelwafa

Sak

Yousef

et al. 2023

African Journal of Biological Sciences

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Histological and ultrastructural study on the pathogenicity of the fungicide cyproconazole and the probable protective influence of fennel oil extract on the adrenal cortex of adult rats

Aboelwafa

Sak

Yousef

et al. 2023

African Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…In the current study, capsular hemorrhage (Figure 1) was observed in 98% of cases and 40% of controls. A reddish appearance of the adrenal gland, consistent with previous findings by Patra S et al [7,8], was noted in 97% of suicidal cases and 15% of control cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Histological Changes in Adrenal Glands in Suicidal and Sudden Death Cases: A Postmortem Study

Chaurasia,

Trivedi,

Ganvir

et al. 2024

Cureus

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IntroductionVarious studies have linked suicidal behavior, stress, affective disorders, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis resulting from chronic stress. Chronic stress has been shown to cause enlargement of the adrenal glands, altering their function and potentially leading to suicidal behaviors in individuals with depression. This study aimed to compare the histological changes in the adrenal glands of individuals who died by suicide with those who experienced sudden death. Suicide victims are exposed to chronic stress, while individuals with sudden deaths face acute stress related to the act of dying. MethodsThis analytical study, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. The study included 100 confirmed cases of suicide, irrespective of gender, aged 15-60 years, with notable autopsy findings, relevant history, no signs of decomposition, and varying survival periods (including immediate deaths within 24 hours). Additionally, 20 controls were selected, involving individuals who died suddenly from causes other than suicide within 24 hours of the incident. Informed consent was obtained using a prescribed proforma from relatives and the police. Histological examination slides of the adrenals were prepared and analyzed. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using GraphPad software and Epi Info 7. ResultsCapsular hemorrhage was observed in 98% of suicide cases and 40% of controls. Nodulation was present in 48% of suicidal cases and 20% of controls. Zonal extension of zona fasciculata was specific to chronic stress in suicidal cases. In 25% of suicidal cases, a prominent extension of the medulla was noted. Irregular thinning of zona glomerulosa with shrunken cells and increased nuclear density in 88% of cases were considered specific to chronic stress conditions and suicide, not observed in controls. Lipid depletion was observed in all suicidal cases, with diffuse depletion in 47% and focal depletion in 53% of cases. In contrast, 45% of those exposed to the acute stress of dying showed focal depletion, with none exhibiting diffuse depletion. Suicidal cases displayed dilated prominent sinusoids in all three zones and the adrenal medulla (98-99%), absent in controls. Adrenal hemorrhage and necrosis were specific to chronic stress conditions, with 7%, 8%, 32%, and 16% of cases showing hemorrhage in all three zones and adrenal medulla, respectively, and none in controls. ConclusionHistological changes observed in acute stress conditions included focal lipid depletion, capsular hemorrhage, nodular hyperplasia, and hemorrhage and necrosis with edema. However, the proportion and severity of these changes were lower than those observed in the suicidal group, suggesting that these findings may be considered non-specific for differentiating between acute and chronic stress.

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“…The Zona Fasiculata produces glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol), which controls the metabolism of glucose, especially in times of stress (Rabasa and Dickson, 2016). Subsequently, the glucocorticoid secretion in acute stress will increase by continuous stimulation of ACTH, which results in lipid depletion of cells and blood engorgement of cortical sinusoids (Patra et al, 2014).Therefore, lipid depletion of zona fasciculate was demonstrated in antemortem stress caused by trauma, burn and sepsis (Polito et al, 2010 andMarik, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicolegal Importance of the Role of Ubiquitin Expression in Suprarenal and Renal Tissues in Blunt and Sharp Traumatic Deaths: Immunohistochemical Study

Nagy

El-Sarngawy

El-Desoky

2018

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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Introduction: Injuries and violence represent a major public health problem worldwide. It is still a leading cause of mortality specially in developing countries. Ubiquitin is a heat shock protein, which is induced by various kinds of traumatic stress. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of ubiquitin in suprarenal and renal tissues in blunt and sharp traumatic deaths. Subjects and methods: Cross sectional post-mortem study was conducted on the traumatic medicoegal autopsy cases and natural cases in Banha medicolegal unit (Ministry of Justice) over six months interval from February 2016 to August 2016. For all medicolegal cases, the data collection sheet included age, sex, date of death, survival time and cause of death. Histological examinations and ubiquitin immunostaining were performed on the suprarenal and renal tissues. Results: Forty-five autopsy cases were included in this study. The majority of victims were males (84.4%) from rural regions (70.5%). Blunt injuries represented the majority of traumatic deaths (57.14%). The greater part of traumatic cases (74.3%) died within 24 hours post injuries. Traumatic cases revealed acute tubular necrosis and vascular degeneration in renal tissue and exhaustion of lipid contents of zona fasiculata in suprarenal tissue specimens. Traumatic deaths showed significant increase in ubiquitin expression in compared to natural deaths in renal distal convoluted tubules and suprarenal cortex. Moreover, there was significant positive correlation between survival period and positive ubiquitin immune expression in each of renal distal convoluted tubules (r=0.461, p=0.005) and suprarenal cortex (r=0.459, p=0.006). Conclusion: Ubiquitin immunoexpression can serve as a stress indicator of traumatic deaths and it may be useful for determination of survival period.

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Histological Study of Adrenal Gland In Case Of Suicidal Deaths

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Histological and ultrastructural study on the pathogenicity of the fungicide cyproconazole and the probable protective influence of fennel oil extract on the adrenal cortex of adult rats

Histological and ultrastructural study on the pathogenicity of the fungicide cyproconazole and the probable protective influence of fennel oil extract on the adrenal cortex of adult rats

Histological Changes in Adrenal Glands in Suicidal and Sudden Death Cases: A Postmortem Study

Medicolegal Importance of the Role of Ubiquitin Expression in Suprarenal and Renal Tissues in Blunt and Sharp Traumatic Deaths: Immunohistochemical Study

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