Histological Study of the Developing Fruit of the Sour Cherry

Tukey, H. B.; Young, J. Oran

doi:10.1086/334827

Cited by 100 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…The results of this study may imply a distinct carbohydrate source:sink relationship in 'Sweetheart' relative to 'Van', where carbohydrate source is limiting potential fruit size and earlier thinning results in quality benefits such as increased size -perhaps due to greater resource availability for cell division given that cell division is complete within 10 days of full bloom (Tukey & Young 1939) and that no similar decline was seen in firmness, TSS or TA. That potential fruit size is set early in the fruit development ontogeny is tacitly supported by the lack of considerable difference in size between the 1 and 2 bud/spur treatments in either variety whilst firmness was significantly higher in the 1 than the 2 bud/spur treatments in both varieties in one season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Crop Load and Time of Thinning Interact to Affect Fruit Quality in Sweet Cherry

Bound¹,

Close²,

Quentin³

et al. 2013

JAS

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Balanced crop load is key to the production of export-quality cherries. We investigated the level and timing of crop load regulation on fruit quality. Additionally we sought to investigate possible correlation between firmness estimated by compression test or flesh penetrability. Fruit diameter was similar between 1 and 2 bud/spur treatments but was significantly lower in the 4 bud/spur treatment at all thinning times in 'Van' in the 2010/11 season. In contrast 'Sweetheart' fruit diameter was only decreased at 6 and 8 WAFB in the 4 bud/spur treatment in 2010/11. This decrease in 'Sweetheart' was associated with significantly higher soluble solids and starch reserves in leaves, stem, trunk and roots 2-weeks post-harvest in trees thinned at dormancy, relative to trees thinned 8 WAFB. Fruit flesh firmness significantly increased with decreased crop load irrespective of time of thinning in 'Van' in 2010/11. In contrast flesh firmness was significantly higher in the 1 bud/spur treatment and similar between other treatments in 'Sweetheart' in 2010/11. In 2011/12 flesh firmness, soluble solids and colour significantly increased whilst fruit weight and TA significantly decreased 28 days post-harvest relative to at-harvest values. We found strong correlation between values obtained with the FirmTech II and the Guss fruit texture analyser. Sweet cherry fruit quality is optimised through attaining crop load of approximately 10 fruit per cm 2 of limb cross-sectional area through thinning at dormancy or full bloom.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Crop Load and Time of Thinning Interact to Affect Fruit Quality in Sweet Cherry

Bound¹,

Close²,

Quentin³

et al. 2013

JAS

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show abstract

“…and the drupelet of Rubus sp. (Rosaceae) (Tukey and Young 1939;Sterling 1953, Reeve 1954a, 1954bZieliński et al 2010). The shape of sclereids forming the outer endocarp layer is typical for the subg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Reeve (1954b) such cells forming distinct zone on the outer margin of the endocarp can be described as transition sclereids. According to Tukey and Young (1939), the line of demarcation between that portion of the pericarp which is destined to become stony and that which is to remain fleshy is discernible even at the beginning of fruit development because the cells of the former are smaller than those of the latter. According to the same authors, the cells of the stony pericarp remain relatively smaller into maturity, and this was confirmed in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, anatomical and genetic differentiation of Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis and their interspecific hybrid

Morozowska¹,

Gawrońska²,

Woźnicka³

2013

Dendrobiology

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Cornus mas L., C. officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and their putative interspecific hybrid specimens were examined in order to describe their morphological, anatomical and genetic differentiation. Petiole length, number of leaf veins, pedicel and bract length, stone size, thickness of pericarp layers, the size and number of locules and the number of cavities were measured. Pedicels and bracts were shown to be significantly longer for C. mas (7.22 and 6.95 mm) and for the putative hybrid (9.11 and 6.61 mm) than for C. officinalis (6.86 and 5.81 mm, respectively). Average values of stone width and thickness, exocarp and mesocarp thickness, the number of cavities in the endocarp obtained for the putative hybrid differed significantly in comparison to C. mas and were similar to C. officinalis. Genotypes of the examined species were evaluated for genetic relationships using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Initial screening of the bulks of C. mas and C. officinalis compared with their putative hybrid using 72 decamer random primers resulted in the identification of 24 primers differentiating both species and their putative hybrid and showing reliable polymorphisms. Among a total of 485 amplified fragments, 89.7% were polymorphic, 18.8% were specific to C. mas individuals, and 18.6% were specific to the individuals of C. officinalis. In obtained profiles of the examined hybrid individual specific products absent in the genotypes of both parents were observed. The phylogenetic tree revealed two separate clusters including C. mas and C. officinalis accessions, respectively. The biggest genetic distance was observed for hybrid specimens, although the hybrid belonged to the C. mas cluster.

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“…Ao realizar o estudo ontogenético de frutos carnosos, principalmente drupas, é comum a divisão em períodos de crescimento (Lilleland 1930, 1932, 1933, Tukey & Young 1939, Nitsch 1953. Esses autores reconheceram o ovário e mais três períodos distintos de crescimento: no período I, ocorre um rápido aumento no tamanho do fruto e tegumentos seminais; no período II, o embrião diferencia-se, embora o fruto diminua sua velocidade de crescimento; no período III, o embrião já está formado, porém o fruto retoma seu crescimento devido um grande alongamento celular no pericarpo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do fruto e semente de Styrax camporum Pohl. (Styracaceae), espécie de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo

Julio¹,

Oliveira²

2007

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Morphology, anatomy and ontogeny of the fruit and seed of Styrax camporum Pohl. (Styracaceae), a "cerrado" species of the São Paulo State). We studied the fruits and seeds of Styrax camporum Pohl. (Styracaceae), a typical tree of the Brazilian "cerrado", aiming to describe their morphology, anatomy, and ontogeny. Samples of fruits and seeds were collected and processed by standard techniques. Developing fruits were classified into four stages: I -initial stage, characterized by ovaries of the floral bud; II -ovary of the flower in post-anthesis and young fruits; III -pre-mature fruits; IV -mature fruits. The fruit is fleshy and monospermic, with a persistent calyx. The pericarp presents a uniseriate exocarp, with stellate lignified trichomes and dome-shaped cells of irregular sizes. The outer mesocarp consists of multisseriate parenchyma, radially elongated at maturity. Vascular bundles are observed in the inner third part of the mesocarp. In spite of the fruit of this species to be classified as a drupe, its inner mesocarp and endocarp are composed by a few fiber layers only, without forming the pyrene with the typical hardness of these kind of fruit. The endocarp fusion with the seed coat is not seen. The seed is typical of the Styracaceae; it is unitegmic, with multiseriate and thick testa. The exotesta is uniseriate and some layers of stone cells are seen in the outer mesotesta. Internally to these cells, some vascular bundles occur, followed by many layers of parenchyma cells, containing evident lipid reserve. The embryo is axial, straight and espatulate, consisting of a typical embryonic axis and leaflike cotyledons.Key words -anatomy, fruit, morphology, seed, Styrax camporum RESUMO -(Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do fruto e semente de Styrax camporum Pohl. (Styracaceae), espécie de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo). Foram estudados os frutos e sementes de Styrax camporum Pohl. (Styracaceae), espécie arbórea típica dos cerrados brasileiros, objetivando descrever sua morfologia, anatomia e ontogênese. Amostras de frutos e sementes foram coletadas e processadas pelas técnicas convencionais. Os frutos em desenvolvimento foram enquadrados em quatro estádios: I -estádio inicial, caracterizado pelos ovários dos botões florais; II -ovário de flor pós-antese e frutos jovens; IIIfrutos pré-maturação; IV -frutos maduros. Verificou-se que o fruto é carnoso e monospérmico, com cálice persistente. O pericarpo apresenta exocarpo unisseriado, com tricomas estrelados lignificados e células de formato abaulado e tamanhos irregulares. O mesocarpo externo se constitui de tecido parenquimático multisseriado, alongado radialmente na maturidade. Feixes vasculares estão presentes no terço interno do mesocarpo. Apesar do fruto desta espécie ser classificado como drupa, observou-se que o mesocarpo interno e o endocarpo são compostos apenas por poucas camadas de fibras, não formando o pirênio com a dureza típica desse tipo de fruto; também não se observa o concrescimento do endocarpo com o tegumento. A semente é típica da fam...

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Histological Study of the Developing Fruit of the Sour Cherry

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Crop Load and Time of Thinning Interact to Affect Fruit Quality in Sweet Cherry

Crop Load and Time of Thinning Interact to Affect Fruit Quality in Sweet Cherry

Morphological, anatomical and genetic differentiation of Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis and their interspecific hybrid

Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do fruto e semente de Styrax camporum Pohl. (Styracaceae), espécie de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo

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