Histology, ultrastructure, and morphogenesis of a rickettsia-like organism causing disease in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis Gould

Sun, Jingfeng; Wu, Xinzhong

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2004.04.004

Cited by 51 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There was a slime layer (S) on the outer membrane surface and many electrondense granular materials as ribosome bodies (R) near the periphery. The compact chromatin, a dark dot and filamentous structures, presumably DNA, occurred in the nucleoidal area (N) (scale bar = 0.3 µm) In our study, with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) negative staining, TEM examination demonstrated that the products obtained by the purification protocol were devoid of the host cell debris and mainly composed of materials consistent with the size and morphology of RLOs from the oyster (Sun & Wu 2004). Furthermore, specific immunofluorescence techniques demonstrated that pure intracellular prokaryotes allowed generation of the specific polyclonal mouse serum.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Crassostrea ariakensis Gould were collected from farms in Hailing Bay in Yangxi County, Guangdong province, China, where oysters have been heavily infected with RLOs in recent years (Sun & Wu 2004). Healthy 2 yr old oysters C. ariakensis were collected from other unaffected culture farms in Leizhou Bay in Guangdong province, China.…”

Section: Collection Of Oysters Moribund 2 To 3 Yr Old Oystersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsia-like organism from the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

Wu¹,

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A rickettsia-like organism (RLO) has been suggested to be the etiological agent responsible for heavy losses of the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis Gould in China. Because of the lack of molluscan cell lines for in vitro culture of intracellular prokaryotes, antigenic analysis of RLOs has been limited by the inherent difficulties of their purification. In this report, we describe the use of differential speed centrifugation and renografin density gradient centrifugation to purify the RLO directly from infected oyster tissues. The purity and integrity of purified prokaryotes were validated by transmission electron microscopy. Thirteen major constituent proteins, with molecular weights ranging between 17 and 99 kDa, were electrophoretically identified by silver staining, and 8 major proteins were identified with Coomassie blue R staining. Specific mouse polyclonal antiserum was prepared for serological characterization of the RLO and was used in an immunoblot assay, and 3 major antigen groups were identified. The present results advance our knowledge of RLO protein antigens, and several proteins have been identified that could potentially be useful for diagnostic assays or for production of experimental immunostimulants. KEY WORDS: Rickettsia-like organism · Crassostrea ariakensis · Antigenic characteristics · Purification Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 67: [149][150][151][152][153][154] 2005 Populations of the oysters Crassostrea ariakensis suffered heavy losses during recent winters and springs in China. A potential pathogen, a rickettsialeslike organism, was discovered in the oyster (Wu & Pan 2000, Sun & Wu 2004. To better understand the significance of these molluscan RLOs in terms of pathogenicity, epidemiological investigation and taxonomy, we should characterize them at the molecular level.An important step in characterization of RLO proteins is the purification of the organism from infected tissues. Intracellular bacteria are usually incompletely released from cells, and more than half of the total infectious particles may remain associated with intact cells or cell ulcer debris (Moulder 1985). Some protocols have been established for vertebrate Rickettsiales, which can be cultured in the yolk sac of chicken embryos (Dasch & Weiss 1977, Williams et al. 1981 or grown in tissue culture (Weiss et al. 1975). Several techniques have been used for purifying various Rickettsiales (Tamura et al. 1982), specifically, isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in Percoll or in diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (DMDS, commercially known as renografin or hypaque). A Percoll density gradient centrifugation technique, modified from Tamura et al. (1982), was used by Kuzyk et al. (1996) to purify Piscirickettsia salmonis from cultured cells. Because of the lack of molluscan cell lines for in vitro culture of intracellular prokaryotes, rickettsia-like organisms must be purified from infected marine mollusk tissues. Applying centrifugation tec...

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supporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Collection Of Oysters Moribund 2 To 3 Yr Old Oystersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsia-like organism from the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

Wu¹,

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Along the Chilean coast, RLO have been previously reported in molluscs (Lohrmann et al 2002, Lohrmann 2009, Campalans & Lohrmann 2009 (Sun & Wu 2004) or they play a main role in causing mortality of molluscs (Braid et al 2005). In this study, the prevalence of RLO (22.2-40%) was moderate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…RLO are obligate intracellular organisms that infect the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract of marine molluscs (Sun & Wu 2004). Along the Chilean coast, RLO have been previously reported in molluscs (Lohrmann et al 2002, Lohrmann 2009, Campalans & Lohrmann 2009 (Sun & Wu 2004) or they play a main role in causing mortality of molluscs (Braid et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Report of pathogens and parasites in Perumytilus purpuratus from San Jorge Bay, Antofagasta, Chile

Montenegro¹,

Jones²,

González³

2012

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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“…Due to low genetic similarity a reliable allocation of these endobacteria to known microorganisms is not feasible. Following endobacterial species found are regarded as novel organisms: Sphingopyxis baekryungensis , Sphingopyxis flavimaris (Yoon and Oh 2005, Oceanrickettia ariakensis (Sun and Wu 2004), and Loktanella rosea (Ivanova et al 2005). Their pathogenic physiological traits are unknown.…”

Section: Endobacteria Detected Exclusively In Nudibranch Ceratamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endobacteria in the tentacles of selected cnidarian species and in the cerata of their nudibranch predators

2011

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This is the first genetic analysis comparing cultured endobacteria discovered in the tentacles of cnidarian species (Tubularia indivisa, Tubularia larynx, Corymorpha nutans, Sagartia elegans) with those found in the cerata tips of selected nudibranch species (Berghia caerulescens, Coryphella lineata, Coryphella gracilis, Janolus cristatus, Polycera faeroensis, Polycera quadrilineata, Doto coronata, Dendronotus frondosus). Shared pathogenic activities were found among other microorganisms in the Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis group (TTX), and the Vibrio splendidus group (haemolytic, septicaemic, necrotic activity). Specific autochthonous endobacteria of extremely low similarity to their next neighbours were detected in nudibranch cerata. These organisms are regarded as new and unknown endobacteria; among them were Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea (95%), Orientia tsutsugamushi (84%), Gracilimonas tropica (96%), Balneola alkaliphia (95%), Loktanella rosea (97%). SEM micrographs provide insight into endobacterial aggregates in cnidarian tentacles and nudibranch cerata. Since certain nudibranch predators prey on cnidarian species, it is assumed that cnidarian tentacle bacteria are directly transferred to nudibranch cerata. The pathogenic endobacteria may contribute to the chemical defence of both the nudibranch and cnidarian species investigated.

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Histology, ultrastructure, and morphogenesis of a rickettsia-like organism causing disease in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis Gould

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Purification and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsia-like organism from the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

Purification and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsia-like organism from the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

Report of pathogens and parasites in Perumytilus purpuratus from San Jorge Bay, Antofagasta, Chile

Endobacteria in the tentacles of selected cnidarian species and in the cerata of their nudibranch predators

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